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$setDifference（表达式操作符）

定义

$setDifference

获取两个集合并返回一个大量，其中包含仅存在于第一个设立中的元素； ie 执行第二设立相对于第一组的相对补足。

$setDifference 通过以下语法实现：

{ $setDifference: [ <expression1>, <expression2> ] }

参数可以是任何有效的表达式，只要它们都解析为一个数组即可。有关表达式的更多信息，请参阅表达式。

行为

$setDifference 对数组执行设立操作，将数组视为集合。如果大量包含重复条目，$setDifference 将忽略重复条目。 $setDifference 忽略元素的顺序。

$setDifference 过滤掉结果中的重复项，以输出仅包含唯一条目的数组。输出数组中元素的顺序未指定。

如果设立包含嵌套大量元素，则 $setDifference 不会降级到嵌套大量，而是在顶层计算大量。

例子

结果

{ $setDifference: [ [ "a", "b", "a" ], [ "b", "a" ] ] }

[ ]

{ $setDifference: [ [ "a", "b" ], [ [ "a", "b" ] ] ] }

[ "a", "b" ]

例子

考虑包含以下文档的 flowers 集合：

db.flowers.insertMany( [
   { "_id" : 1, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose", "orchid" ] },
   { "_id" : 2, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "orchid", "rose", "orchid" ] },
   { "_id" : 3, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose", "orchid", "jasmine" ] },
   { "_id" : 4, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "jasmine", "rose" ] },
   { "_id" : 5, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ ] },
   { "_id" : 6, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ [ "rose" ], [ "orchid" ] ] },
   { "_id" : 7, "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ [ "rose", "orchid" ] ] },
   { "_id" : 8, "flowerFieldA" : [ ], "flowerFieldB" : [ ] },
   { "_id" : 9, "flowerFieldA" : [ ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose" ] }
] )

以下操作使用 $setDifference操作符返回在 flowerFieldB大量中找到但在 flowerFieldA大量中没有找到的元素的大量：

db.flowers.aggregate(
   [
     { $project: { flowerFieldA: 1, flowerFieldB: 1, inBOnly: { $setDifference: [ "$flowerFieldB", "$flowerFieldA" ] }, _id: 0 } }
   ]
)

操作返回以下结果：

{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "inBOnly" : [ ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "orchid", "rose", "orchid" ], "inBOnly" : [ ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose", "orchid", "jasmine" ], "inBOnly" : [ "jasmine" ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "jasmine", "rose" ], "inBOnly" : [ "jasmine" ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ ], "inBOnly" : [ ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ [ "rose" ], [ "orchid" ] ], "inBOnly" : [ [ "rose" ], [ "orchid" ] ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ "rose", "orchid" ], "flowerFieldB" : [ [ "rose", "orchid" ] ], "inBOnly" : [ [ "rose", "orchid" ] ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ ], "flowerFieldB" : [ ], "inBOnly" : [ ] }
{ "flowerFieldA" : [ ], "flowerFieldB" : [ "rose" ], "inBOnly" : [ "rose" ] }