Atlas Cluster Sizing and Tier Selection
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Important
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Choosing the correct Atlas cluster tier and configuration is an important step in setting up a successful production MongoDB deployment. You can always modify a cluster at a later time, but getting started with the right configuration is possible with a few calculations based on your data set size and network requirements.
You can also configure your cluster to automatically scale its cluster tier, storage capacity, or both in response to cluster usage, thereby reducing the manual maintenance required for your cluster. To learn more, see Cluster Auto-Scaling.
Note
Recommend M30 or Larger Clusters for Production Use
M30 and higher clusters are recommended for production environments. You can use M10 and M20 clusters as production environments for low-traffic applications. Clusters with sustained loads on M10 and M20 tiers may experience degraded performance over time.
Cluster Auto-Scaling
Cluster tiers M10
and greater support Cluster Auto-Scaling. Cluster tier Auto-scaling is enabled by default
when you create new clusters in the user interface. It is disabled by
defaut if you create new clusters in the API. With auto-scaling enabled,
Atlas automatically scales your cluster tier, storage capacity, or
both in response to cluster usage. Auto-scaling allows your cluster to
adapt to your current workload and reduce the need to make manual
optimizations.
Cluster storage scaling automatically increases your cluster storage capacity when 90% of disk capacity is used. This setting is enabled by default to help ensure that your cluster can always support sudden influxes of data. To opt out of cluster storage scaling, un-check the Storage Scaling checkbox in the Auto-scale section.
Cluster tier scaling automatically scales your cluster tier up or down in response to various cluster metrics. To opt out of cluster tier auto-scaling, un-check the Cluster Tier Scaling checkbox in the Auto-scale section.
To control how Atlas should auto-scale your cluster, you set:
The maximum cluster tier to which your cluster can automatically scale up. By default, this setting is set to the next cluster tier compared to your current cluster tier.
The minimum cluster tier to which your cluster can scale down. By default, this setting is set to the current cluster tier.
Memory
Memory refers to the total physical RAM available on each
data bearing node of your
Atlas cluster. For example, an M30
standard replica set is
configured with 8 GB RAM on each of the 3 data bearing nodes.
Atlas uses the WiredTiger storage engine.
By default, for M40 or larger clusters, WiredTiger dedicates 50% or more of physical RAM for the WiredTiger cache. The remaining memory is reserved for the following uses:
In-memory operations such as sorts and calculations
Underlying operating system and other system services
By default, for M30 or smaller clusters, WiredTiger dedicates 25% of physical RAM for the WiredTiger cache.
To learn more about memory use, see WiredTiger and Memory Use.
MongoDB uses the WiredTiger cache to hold most recently used data and indexes. The working set is the sum of all the indexes plus the set of documents that are accessed frequently. If your working set fits in RAM, then MongoDB can serve queries from memory, which provides the fastest query response times.
To estimate the size of the working set, you can either perform a
calculation using the information obtained from db.stats()
for the total index space and assume a percentage of your data space
will be accessed frequently, or you can estimate your memory
requirements based on educated assumptions.
Example: The Atlas Sample Data Sets
Using the Atlas sample data sets, we will calculate the memory requirements to run all these databases in a single Atlas cluster. The following JavaScript program returns database information for your cluster:
var totalIndexSize = 0; var totalDataSize = 0; var reservedDBs = ["admin","config","local"]; // Switch to admin database and get list of databases. db = db.getSiblingDB("admin"); dbs = db.runCommand({ "listDatabases": 1 }).databases; // Iterate through each database and get its stats. dbs.forEach(function(database) { if (reservedDBs.includes(database.name)) return; db = db.getSiblingDB(database.name); print("Obtaining stats for " + database.name); var stats = db.stats(); totalIndexSize += (stats.indexSize / (1024*1024*1024)) ; totalDataSize += (stats.dataSize / (1024*1024*1024)) ; }); print ("Total data size in GB: " + totalDataSize.toFixed(2)); print ("Total index size in GB: " + totalIndexSize.toFixed(2));
This program returns the following results:
Obtaining stats for sample_airbnb Obtaining stats for sample_geospatial Obtaining stats for sample_mflix Obtaining stats for sample_supplies Obtaining stats for sample_training Obtaining stats for sample_weatherdata Total data size in GB: 0.32 Total index size in GB: 0.02
To run these databases completely in memory, you would need a minimum of 0.68 GB of physical RAM, as WiredTiger uses 50% of the physical RAM and we need at least 0.34 GB to fit the working set in memory.
A realistic production cluster would have a much higher data and index size and it may not be practical, or not a business or performance requirement, to run the complete data set and indexes in memory. Let’s look at another scenario.
Example: Mobile App
A popular mobile game has 512 GB of data and 32 GB of indexes. The game’s internal system data occupies 16 GB, and the rest is player profile data. A player's profile is required to be in memory while the player is active in the game. About 25% of all players are active at any point in time. The system data is used constantly and it must fit completely in RAM for optimal game performance. All indexes must also fit in RAM for the fastest query response time. The memory sizing is as follows:
Data | RAM Requirements | RAM for WiredTiger Cache |
---|---|---|
System: 16 GB | 100% in RAM | 16 GB |
Index: 32 GB | 100% in RAM | 32 GB |
Player Profiles: 496 GB | 25% in RAM | 124 GB |
Given these requirements, you can expect an average working set to require 172 GB of RAM.
WiredTiger dedicates 50% of physical RAM to the WiredTiger cache, so the minimum total physical RAM required to accommodate your working set is twice the working set.
In this example, you need at least 344 GB of physical RAM to accommodate the WiredTiger cache and a 172 GB working set. The following table lists suitable Atlas cluster tiers:
Service Provider | Possible Cluster Tiers | Notes |
---|---|---|
AWS |
| M300 has sufficient RAM, and there is room to scale
vertically to higher cluster tiers. |
GCP |
| M300 has sufficient RAM, but there are no higher tiers
available if vertical scaling is required. |
Azure |
| M300 has sufficient RAM, and there is room to scale
vertically to a higher cluster tier. |
Note
If you select a cluster tier without sufficient RAM, such as an
Azure M200
with 256 GB RAM, sharding is
required.
Network Traffic
All network traffic between cluster nodes and between clients consuming data from your Atlas cluster impact network bandwidth. For purposes of cluster sizing, consider the maximum traffic that any node on your cluster will bear and use this as the basis for selecting an adequate Atlas cluster tier.
Downstream data transfer rates from your cluster to client applications can be calculated as the sum of the total documents returned over a period of time. If you are reading only from the primary node, this is the only calculation you need to do. If your applications read from secondary nodes as well, you can divide this number by the number of nodes that can serve read operations.
You can find the average document size for a database with the
db.stats()
method. Multiply the average
document size (avgObjSize
) by the number of documents served per second to estimate
your bandwidth requirements.
Example
10 KB average document size
100,000 documents per second served
10 KB * 100,000 = 1 GB per second
Atlas instances provide faster bandwidth speeds at the higher
tiers. Instances which are backed by
AWS provide up to 10 gigabits per
second at the M30
level, while the M200
level provides up to
25 gigabits per second.
Connections
An Atlas cluster can support a number of client connections which
is determined by its cluster tier. For example, M30
clusters support up to 3000
simultaneous connections and M200
clusters support up to 128,000
simultaneous connections. To learn more, see
Connection Limits and Cluster Tier.