$dateTrunc（表达式操作符）

binSize 和 字段unit

Together, binSize and unit specify the time period used in the $dateTrunc calculation.

例如：

• If binSize is 1 and unit is hour, the time period is one hour. For the date 2021-03-20T11:30:05Z, $dateTrunc returns 2021-03-20T11:00:00Z.

• If binSize is 2 and unit is hour, the time period is two hours. For the date 2021-03-20T11:30:05Z, $dateTrunc returns 2021-03-20T10:00:00Z.

$dateTrunc:

• Divides the time for the $dateTrunc calculation into binSize time periods in the specified time unit.

  时间段从参考日期开始，而该参考日期由单位确定。如果单位为：

  • A string other than week, $dateTrunc uses a reference date of 2000-01-01T00:00:00.00Z. For example, if binSize is 10 and unit is year, example time periods are:

    • 2000-01-01T00:00:00.00Z

    • 2010-01-01T00:00:00.00Z

    • 2020-01-01T00:00:00.00Z

  • Equal to week, $dateTrunc uses a reference date that is set to the earliest first day of the week that is greater than or equal to 2000-01-01. The first day is set using startOfWeek (the default is Sunday).

• Returns the lower boundary of the time period that the date is in. The boundary is returned as an ISODate. If the binSize field is 1, $dateTrunc sets the least significant parts (as determined by unit) of the returned ISODate to 0 and keeps the rest of the ISODate the same.

如果 unit 为：

• year：$dateTrunc 在日期中返回当年 1 月开始的ISODate1 。

• quarter: $dateTrunc returns the ISODate for the start of the first day of the calendar quarter in date.

  季度是：

  • 1 月至 3 月

  • 4 月至 6 月

  • 7 月至 9 月

  • 10 月至 12 月

• month: $dateTrunc returns the ISODate for the start of the first day of the month in date.

• week: $dateTrunc returns the ISODate for the start of the startOfWeek day in date. The default for startOfWeek is Sunday.

• day: $dateTrunc returns the ISODate for the start of the day in date.

• hour: $dateTrunc returns the ISODate for the start of the hour in date.

• minute: $dateTrunc returns the ISODate for the start of the minute in date.

• second: $dateTrunc returns the ISODate for start of the second in date.

unit 和 字段startOfWeek

如果 unit 为：

• 除 week 之外的字符串，sartOfWeek 将被忽略。

• 等于 week 且 startOfWeek：

  • Specified: $dateTrunc uses startOfWeek as the first day of the week for the calculation.

  • Omitted: $dateTrunc uses Sunday as the start of the week for the calculation.

截断$project 管道阶段中的订单日期

This example uses $dateTrunc in a $project stage to truncate the cake sales orderDate values to two weeks:

db.cakeSales.aggregate( [
   {
      $project: {
         _id: 1,
         orderDate: 1,
         truncatedOrderDate: {
            $dateTrunc: {
               date: "$orderDate", unit: "week", binSize: 2,
               timezone: "America/Los_Angeles", startOfWeek: "Monday"
            }
         }
      }
   }
] )

在示例中：

• $project 在输出中包含 _id、orderDate 和 truncatedOrderDate 字段。

• $dateTrunc truncates the orderDate field to a 2 binSize week unit time period in the America/Los_Angeles timezone with startOfWeek set to Monday.

在此示例输出中，截断的 orderDate 显示在 truncatedOrderDate 字段中：

[
   {
      _id: 0,
      orderDate: ISODate("2020-05-18T14:10:30.000Z"),
      truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2020-05-11T07:00:00.000Z")
   },
   {
      _id: 1,
      orderDate: ISODate("2021-03-20T11:30:05.000Z"),
      truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2021-03-15T07:00:00.000Z")
   },
   {
      _id: 2,
      orderDate: ISODate("2021-01-11T06:31:15.000Z"),
      truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2021-01-04T08:00:00.000Z")
   },
   {
      _id: 3,
      orderDate: ISODate("2020-02-08T13:13:23.000Z"),
      truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2020-02-03T08:00:00.000Z")
   },
   {
      _id: 4,
      orderDate: ISODate("2019-05-18T16:09:01.000Z"),
      truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2019-05-13T07:00:00.000Z")
   },
   {
      _id: 5,
      orderDate: ISODate("2019-01-08T06:12:03.000Z"),
      truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2019-01-07T08:00:00.000Z")
   }
]

在 $group 管道阶段截断订单日期并获取数量总和

This example uses $dateTrunc in a $group stage to truncate the cake sales orderDate values to six months and return the sum of the quantity values:

db.cakeSales.aggregate( [
   {
      $group: {
         _id: {
            truncatedOrderDate: {
               $dateTrunc: {
                  date: "$orderDate", unit: "month", binSize: 6
               }
            }
         },
         sumQuantity: { $sum: "$quantity" }
      }
   }
] )

在示例中：

• $group 将 _id 字段设为 truncatedOrderDate 字段，以对 cakeSales 文档进行份组，并使用 $sum 返回每个群组的 quantity 值的总和。

• $dateTrunc truncates the orderDate field to a 6 binSize month unit time period.

在此示例输出中，截断的 orderDate 显示在 truncatedOrderDate 字段中，quantity 的总和显示在 sumQuantity 字段中：

[
   {
      _id: { truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z") },
      sumQuantity: 224
   },
   {
      _id: { truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z") },
      sumQuantity: 285
   },
   {
      _id: { truncatedOrderDate: ISODate("2019-01-01T00:00:00.000Z") },
      sumQuantity: 296
   }
]