您可以在 视图上创建MongoDB Vector Search索引来转换文档和集合，以便对集合进行部分索引、支持不兼容的数据类型或数据模型等。
以下示例使用 sample_mflix 示例数据库。
要求
您必须使用 MongoDB 8.0 或更高版本。
在 MongoDB v8.0+ 上：
使用Atlas用户界面或Atlas管理API在视图上创建MongoDB Vector Search 索引。
针对源集合运行MongoDB Vector Search 查询。参考在视图上创建的MongoDB Vector Search索引。 这些查询返回源集合中出现的原始文档。
在 MongoDB v8.1+ 上，您还可以：
使用
mongosh和驱动程序方法、db.collection.createSearchIndex()、db.collection.updateSearchIndex()、db.collection.dropSearchIndex()和$listSearchIndexes在视图上创建和管理MongoDB Vector Search 索引。针对该视图运行MongoDB Vector Search 查询。
限制
MongoDB Vector Search 支持具有以下阶段的视图：
索引名称在源集合及其所有视图中必须是唯一的。
MongoDB Vector Search 不支持使用会生成动态结果的操作符的视图定义，例如$$USER_ROLES系统变量和$rand聚合操作符。
MongoDB Vector Search 查询会返回源集合中出现的原始文档。
示例：过滤文档
要创建视图，您必须拥有 createCollection 权限。
您可以使用过滤器筛选文档以对集合进行部分索引。以下示例在 sample_mflix.embedded_movies 集合上创建一个视图，以便仅对具有向量嵌入字段的文档进行索引。
➤ 使用 Select your language（选择您的语言）下拉菜单设置此页面上示例的语言。
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使用 mongosh 连接到集群。
要学习；了解更多信息，请参阅通过mongosh连接到集群。
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AtlasGoClusters在Atlas中，Go项目的 页面。
如果尚未显示，请从导航栏上的 Organizations 菜单中选择包含所需项目的组织。
如果尚未显示，请从导航栏的Projects菜单中选择所需的项目。
在侧边栏中，单击 Database 标题下的 Clusters。
会显示集群页面。
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在Atlas中，转到集群的Search & Vector Search 页面。
您可以从 Search & Vector Search 选项或 Data Explorer 转到MongoDB搜索页面。
如果尚未显示，请从导航栏上的 Organizations 菜单中选择包含项目的组织。
如果尚未显示，请从导航栏的 Projects 菜单中选择您的项目。
在侧边栏中，单击 Database 标题下的 Search & Vector Search。
如果没有集群，则请单击 Create cluster 来创建一个。要了解更多信息，请参阅创建集群。
如果您的项目有多个集群，请从 Select cluster 下拉列表中选择要使用的集群，然后单击 Go to Atlas Search。
如果尚未显示，请从导航栏上的 Organizations 菜单中选择包含项目的组织。
如果尚未显示，请从导航栏的 Projects 菜单中选择您的项目。
在侧边栏中，单击 Database 标题下的 Data Explorer。
展开数据库并选择集合。
单击该集合的 Indexes 标签页。
将显示 Atlas Search 页面。
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开始您的索引配置。
在页面上进行以下选择，然后单击 Next。
Search Type | 选择 Atlas Vector Search 索引类型。 |
Index Name and Data Source | 指定以下信息：
|
Configuration Method | For a guided experience, select Visual Editor. To edit the raw index definition, select JSON Editor. |
重要提示：
默认下， MongoDB Search索引名为 default。如果保留此名称，则该索引将是任何未在运算符中指定其他 index 选项的MongoDB搜索查询的默认搜索索引。如果您要创建多个索引，我们建议您在所有索引之间保持一致的描述性命名约定。
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在 embeddingsIndex 部分索引上运行查询。
注意
以下示例通过对名为 moviesWithEmbeddings 的视图运行 .aggregate 命令来查询 embeddingsIndex 索引。如果您的集群正在运行 MongoDB v8.0，则必须使用视图上的索引查询源集合（例如，embedded_movies）。升级到 MongoDB v8.1+ 以直接查询视图。
将以下嵌入保存在名为
query-embeddings.js的文件中：TIME_TRAVEL_EMBEDDING=[-0.034731735,0.008558298,-0.0153717,-0.029912498,0.011549547,0.010261648,-0.011964999,-0.023265276,0.010303194,-0.006896493,-0.00054528,0.003926015,-0.025757983,0.027419789,0.001199616,-0.036227357,-0.005297005,0.021935832,0.010303194,-0.019193852,0.025093261,-0.040049512,-0.033900831,-0.011466458,-0.01827986,-0.0153717,0.023265276,0.007727395,0.000114249,0.005317777,-0.043871664,-0.02127111,-0.019609304,0.016368784,-0.004756918,0.003552109,0.006522586,-0.005400868,-0.015620971,-0.034565553,-0.018695312,-0.023099095,0.050851244,-0.034731735,0.004819236,0.022268193,-0.095719993,0.05517194,-0.046198189,-0.036393538,0.007187308,-0.02459472,-0.036725901,0.009472291,0.019027673,0.020938748,-0.011051006,0.027087428,0.04586583,-0.022600554,-0.05517194,0.044204023,0.01213118,0.047859997,-0.03938479,0.002928932,0.002056484,0.019443123,-0.028583053,0.013543714,0.022932915,0.011632638,0.004923099,0.000389486,0.020024756,-0.024096178,-0.022766734,0.011217186,-0.003198975,0.007104218,-0.047195274,-0.013377533,0.013294443,0.024096178,-0.056501385,-0.026755067,-0.008433662,-0.001911076,0.007976666,-0.008101301,-0.014042255,0.008641388,-0.02176965,0.010012378,-0.000607598,-0.024927082,0.024927082,-0.018612221,-0.001184036,0.005567048,0.001324251,-0.019526213,-0.023597637,0.060489718,-0.010178559,-0.019609304,0.004112968,-0.011217186,-0.031574301,-0.008766023,0.005483958,-0.061819162,-0.023431456,-0.040714234,0.015039339,0.026422706,0.016202603,0.004653055,0.041046593,-0.018030589,0.040381871,-0.002638116,0.013045172,0.004216831,0.005650138,0.027419789,0.003926015,-0.028749233,0.004798463,-0.030244859,0.063813329,0.007145763,-0.017448956,0.025591804,-0.045201108,0.010718645,0.002804297,0.014291527,0.04586583,-0.015205519,-0.021603471,-0.035230275,0.00760276,0.033236109,0.016534964,-0.043206941,-0.003115885,-0.026256526,0.005940954,0.016534964,0.024262359,-0.001630647,0.028084511,-0.012795902,0.007270399,0.001381376,-0.009763107,-0.006896493,0.008433662,-0.019360034,0.000386889,0.030411039,0.025591804,0.010469374,0.037722982,-0.001147684,-0.005400868,0.052845411,-0.052513052,0.00768585,-0.004299921,0.00922302,0.011881908,0.012962082,-0.068798743,0.003593654,0.020938748,-0.013792985,-0.034565553,-0.007519669,-0.04021569,-0.020689478,0.006273315,0.046862911,0.006107135,0.002638116,-0.013792985,-0.005400868,-0.020274026,0.007644305,-0.010801735,0.026422706,0.043871664,0.003780607,0.010261648,-0.064145692,0.011881908,-0.009056839,0.009347656,-0.02459472,0.026422706,0.033236109,0.041212775,0.019027673,-0.00315743,0.004424557,0.020689478,-0.0153717,-0.015205519,-0.034897912,0.020274026,0.016867325,0.040714234,-0.022766734,-0.010967916,0.026256526,0.007062673,-0.015953332,-0.007727395,0.031574301,-0.002887387,-0.00614868,0.004569965,0.019027673,0.012878992,0.011798819,0.004258377,-0.019193852,-0.021437289,-0.021603471,0.000301202,-0.051183607,-0.004985416,-0.030078677,0.012629721,0.065142773,-0.031740483,-0.021104928,-0.03938479,-0.003365156,-0.016036423,0.036393538,0.009804652,-0.018612221,0.060489718,-0.003697517,0.000547876,0.063480966,0.02758597,0.010053922,-0.003655972,-0.001485239,0.018362951,0.021104928,-0.003905243,0.019443123,-0.002658889,-0.00380138,-0.013626805,0.035894997,0.035396457,-0.005691683,0.002762751,0.012878992,-0.009596926,-0.009970833,-0.015953332,0.022434372,0.00614868,-0.021188019,0.001557943,-0.020190936,0.009763107,0.017448956,0.006730312,0.005567048,0.019692395,-0.00218112,-0.016867325,0.006854947,0.007976666,0.019193852,0.040880412,0.007353489,-0.02127111,-0.031906664,-0.026755067,-0.017947499,0.040381871,0.042209856,0.00913993,-0.0307434,-0.017781317,-0.015039339,0.03057722,0.017532047,0.0187784,-0.060822077,0.002928932,-0.026422706,-0.005899409,0.039717149,0.026588887,-0.000971118,0.004923099,-0.013626805,0.0187784,-0.031408124,-0.000695881,0.050851244,-0.014457707,-0.007311944,-0.001293092,-0.002139574,-0.019276943,0.00290816,0.019360034,-0.017781317,0.002160347,0.016618054,-0.006522586,0.011798819,0.029247776,-0.02775215,0.010344739,-0.018362951,-0.036725901,-0.015870241,0.015704062,-0.012463541,0.02459472,-0.024096178,0.001152877,-0.031408124,0.025425622,0.027087428,0.00922302,0.034565553,0.015704062,-0.020689478,-0.00517237,-0.014706978,-0.001589101,0.026090344,0.014956249,0.011715728,0.004299921,-0.00913993,0.022434372,-0.03705826,0.048524719,-0.030411039,0.008433662,0.017033506,-0.000511525,-0.031408124,0.005940954,-0.012962082,-0.031574301,0.017448956,0.010178559,-0.011383367,-0.020107845,-0.005151597,0.006647222,0.013128263,0.007145763,0.008059756,-0.045201108,-0.004943871,0.015787151,-0.045201108,-0.020772567,-0.020274026,0.028250692,-0.024262359,-0.004424557,0.009804652,0.000472576,-0.005691683,0.001443693,-0.013294443,0.001412535,0.013211353,-0.01213118,-0.002118802,0.017781317,-0.007353489,-0.031075761,-0.004923099,0.011383367,-0.004486875,-0.010178559,0.016618054,0.014457707,0.023763817,-0.02459472,-0.00388447,0.012546631,-0.007519669,0.01570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此文件包含查询词
time travel的嵌入。在
mongosh中，将文件加载到mongosh，以便在查询中使用嵌入：load('/<path-to-file>/query-embeddings.js'); 运行以下查询：
1 use sample_mflix 2 db.moviesWithEmbeddings.aggregate([ 3 { 4 "$vectorSearch": { 5 "index": "embeddingsIndex", 6 "path": "plot_embedding_voyage_3_large", 7 "queryVector": TIME_TRAVEL_EMBEDDING, 8 "numCandidates": 100, 9 "limit": 10 10 } 11 }, 12 { 13 "$project": { 14 "_id": 0, 15 "plot": 1, 16 "title": 1, 17 } 18 } 19 ]) [ { plot: 'At the age of 21, Tim discovers he can travel in time and change what happens and has happened in his own life. His decision to make his world a better place by getting a girlfriend turns out not to be as easy as you might think.', title: 'About Time' }, { plot: 'A psychiatrist makes multiple trips through time to save a woman that was murdered by her brutal husband.', title: 'Retroactive' }, { plot: 'A time-travel experiment in which a robot probe is sent from the year 2073 to the year 1973 goes terribly wrong thrusting one of the project scientists, a man named Nicholas Sinclair into a...', title: 'A.P.E.X.' }, { plot: 'An officer for a security agency that regulates time travel, must fend for his life against a shady politician who has a tie to his past.', title: 'Timecop' }, { plot: 'After visiting 2015, Marty McFly must repeat his visit to 1955 to prevent disastrous changes to 1985... without interfering with his first trip.', title: 'Back to the Future Part II' }, { plot: 'A reporter, learning of time travelers visiting 20th century disasters, tries to change the history they know by averting upcoming disasters.', title: 'Thrill Seekers' }, { plot: 'Lyle, a motorcycle champion is traveling the Mexican desert, when he find himself in the action radius of a time machine. So he find himself one century back in the past between rapists, ...', title: 'Timerider: The Adventure of Lyle Swann' }, { plot: 'Hoping to alter the events of the past, a 19th century inventor instead travels 800,000 years into the future, where he finds humankind divided into two warring races.', title: 'The Time Machine' }, { plot: 'A romantic drama about a Chicago librarian with a gene that causes him to involuntarily time travel, and the complications it creates for his marriage.', title: "The Time Traveler's Wife" }, { plot: 'A modern aircraft carrier is thrown back in time to 1941 near Hawaii, just hours before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.', title: 'The Final Countdown' } ]
1
使用 mongosh 连接到您的 MongoDB 部署。
要学习；了解更多信息，请参阅通过mongosh连接到集群。
3
4
5
在 embeddingsIndex 部分索引上运行查询。
注意
以下示例通过对名为 moviesWithEmbeddings 的视图运行 .aggregate 命令来查询 embeddingsIndex 索引。如果您的集群正在运行 MongoDB v8.0，则必须使用视图上的索引查询源集合（例如，embedded_movies）。升级到 MongoDB v8.1+ 以直接查询视图。
将以下嵌入保存在名为
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此文件包含查询词
time travel的嵌入。在
mongosh中，将文件加载到mongosh，以便在查询中使用嵌入：load('/<path-to-file>/query-embeddings.js'); 运行以下查询：
1 use sample_mflix 2 db.moviesWithEmbeddings.aggregate([ 3 { 4 "$vectorSearch": { 5 "index": "embeddingsIndex", 6 "path": "plot_embedding_voyage_3_large", 7 "queryVector": TIME_TRAVEL_EMBEDDING, 8 "numCandidates": 100, 9 "limit": 10 10 } 11 }, 12 { 13 "$project": { 14 "_id": 0, 15 "plot": 1, 16 "title": 1, 17 } 18 } 19 ]) [ { plot: 'At the age of 21, Tim discovers he can travel in time and change what happens and has happened in his own life. His decision to make his world a better place by getting a girlfriend turns out not to be as easy as you might think.', title: 'About Time' }, { plot: 'A psychiatrist makes multiple trips through time to save a woman that was murdered by her brutal husband.', title: 'Retroactive' }, { plot: 'A time-travel experiment in which a robot probe is sent from the year 2073 to the year 1973 goes terribly wrong thrusting one of the project scientists, a man named Nicholas Sinclair into a...', title: 'A.P.E.X.' }, { plot: 'An officer for a security agency that regulates time travel, must fend for his life against a shady politician who has a tie to his past.', title: 'Timecop' }, { plot: 'After visiting 2015, Marty McFly must repeat his visit to 1955 to prevent disastrous changes to 1985... without interfering with his first trip.', title: 'Back to the Future Part II' }, { plot: 'A reporter, learning of time travelers visiting 20th century disasters, tries to change the history they know by averting upcoming disasters.', title: 'Thrill Seekers' }, { plot: 'Lyle, a motorcycle champion is traveling the Mexican desert, when he find himself in the action radius of a time machine. So he find himself one century back in the past between rapists, ...', title: 'Timerider: The Adventure of Lyle Swann' }, { plot: 'Hoping to alter the events of the past, a 19th century inventor instead travels 800,000 years into the future, where he finds humankind divided into two warring races.', title: 'The Time Machine' }, { plot: 'A romantic drama about a Chicago librarian with a gene that causes him to involuntarily time travel, and the complications it creates for his marriage.', title: "The Time Traveler's Wife" }, { plot: 'A modern aircraft carrier is thrown back in time to 1941 near Hawaii, just hours before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.', title: 'The Final Countdown' } ]
性能考虑因素
当Atlas读取视图以过滤和转换源集合时，高度复杂的视图转换可能会导致性能下降。在这种情况下，请考虑创建物化视图以避免对Atlas造成额外的复制负载。为避免视图转换导致的查询延迟，可以直接查询源集合以检索原始文档。
故障排除
索引更改为 FAILED
在以下场景中，索引会更改为 FAILED 状态：
您在与MongoDB Vector Search 不兼容的视图上创建的索引。
您编辑视图的方式不符合MongoDB Vector Search 兼容性要求。
您删除或更改视图的源集合。
例如，如果一个视图是在另一个视图上创建的，并且将父视图源更改为另一个集合。
注意
如果一个视图是其他视图的后代，这一限制也同样适用。例如，您无法更改或移除所有后代所源自的源集合。
索引更改为 STALE
在以下场景中，索引会更改为 STALE 状态：
警告
如果在视图中定义的聚合管道与集合中的文档不兼容，搜索复制将失败。例如，如果 $toDouble 表达式对包含数组的文档字段进行操作，复制将失败。确保您的视图在处理集合中的所有文档时不会出错。
如果视图定义导致聚合失败，而索引为
READY，则索引变为STALE。解析文档或更改视图定义以使其不再失败后，索引将返回到READY。当为STALE时，索引仍然可查询。如果索引脱离oplog，则会触发索引重建。如果视图定义在索引为
BUILDING时导致聚合管道失败，则在修复文档之前，则索引生成将停滞。在您解析文档或更改视图定义后，索引将返回到READY，以确保不再失败。
您可以在 Atlas 用户界面的索引状态详情页面查看索引状态。
错误：$search 仅作为管道中的第一阶段有效
当您使用 8.1 之前的MongoDB版本查询视图时，会出现此错误。
如果您使用 8.0 之前的MongoDB版本，我们建议您升级到 8.1+ 以直接查询视图。您可以升级到 8.0 来查询源集合。
如果使用MongoDB 8.0，则必须针对源集合查询视图索引。示例，对集合而不是视图运行
.aggregate()。
索引流程
当您在视图上创建MongoDB Vector Search索引时，mongot进程执行的任务与您在常规集合上创建MongoDB Vector Search索引时相同。mongot进程：
根据集合索引定义中的规则创建MongoDB Vector Search 索引。
监控变更流以了解您为其定义了MongoDB Vector Search 索引的集合的文档和索引的当前状态。
处理MongoDB Vector Search 查询，并将匹配文档的文档ID 和其他搜索元数据返回给
mongod，后者执行完整文档查找并将结果返回给客户端。
当您在视图上创建MongoDB Vector Search索引时，会在步骤 1 和 2 期间应用视图定义，并且转换后的文档会存储在磁盘上的MongoDB Vector Search索引中。
了解详情
要了解有关视图的更多信息，请参阅视图。
要在视图上创建MongoDB搜索索引，请参阅将视图与MongoDB搜索结合使用。