Make the MongoDB docs better! We value your opinion. Share your feedback for a chance to win $100.
Click here >
Docs 菜单
Docs 主页
/ /

embeddedDocument Operator

embeddedDocument

The embeddedDocument operator is similar to $elemMatch operator. It constrains multiple query predicates to be satisfied from a single element of an array of embedded documents. embeddedDocument can be used only for queries over fields of the embeddedDocuments type.

embeddedDocument 通过以下语法实现:

{
"embeddedDocument": {
"path": "<path-to-field>",
"operator": { <operator-specification> },
"score": { <score-options> }
}
}

embeddedDocument 使用以下选项构建查询:

字段
类型
说明
必要性

operator

对象

用于查询您在 path 中指定的文档数组中的每个文档的操作符。不支持 moreLikeThis 操作符。

必需

path

字符串

要搜索的索引 embeddedDocuments 类型字段。指定的字段必须是使用 operator 选项指定的所有操作符和字段的父字段。

必需

score

对象

分配给匹配搜索结果的分数。 您可以使用embedded 评分选项来配置评分选项。要学习;了解更多信息,请参阅对行为进行评分。

Optional

您无法突出显示 embeddedDocument 操作符中的查询。

注意

MongoDB Search 停止在副本集或单个分片上复制大于每个分区 2、100、000、000索引对象的索引更改,其中每个带索引的嵌入式父文档都算作单个对象。超过此限制可能会导致查询结果过时。

Using the embeddedDocuments field type can result in indexing objects over this index size limit, because each indexed embedded document is counted as a single object. If you create a MongoDB Search index that has or will soon have more than 2.1 billion index objects, use the numPartitions index option to partition your index (supported only on Search Nodes deployments) or shard your cluster.

当您使用 embeddedDocument操作符查询数组中的嵌入式文档时, MongoDB Search 会在查询执行的不同阶段对查询操作符查询谓词进行评估和评分。MongoDB搜索:

  1. 独立评估数组中的每个嵌入式文档。

  2. 合并使用 embedded 选项配置的匹配结果的分数;如果未指定 embedded 分数选项,则汇总以合并匹配结果的分数。

  3. 如果通过 compound 指定了其他查询谓词,则将匹配结果与父文档连接在一起。

默认情况下,embeddedDocument 操作符使用默认聚合策略 (sum) 合并嵌入式文档匹配的分数。embeddedDocument 操作符 score 选项允许您覆盖默认值,并使用 embedded 选项配置匹配结果的分数。

提示

要按嵌入式文档字段对父文档进行排序,必须执行以下操作:

  • 将嵌入式文档子字段的父项索引为文档类型。

  • 将嵌入文档中带有 string 值的子字段索引为标记类型。对于带有数字和日期值的子字段,启用动态映射可自动为这些字段编制索引。

MongoDB Search 仅对父文档进行排序。它不会对文档大量中的子字段进行排序。有关示例,请参阅排序示例。

对于在 embeddedDocument 操作符中指定的查询谓词,如果字段根据 document 类型的父字段进行索引,您可以突出显示这些字段。有关示例,请参阅教程

要学习;了解embeddedDocument操作符符限制,请参阅 embeddedDocument 操作符限制。

The following examples use the sample_supplies.sales collection in the sample dataset.

这些示例查询对集合使用以下索引定义:

{
"mappings": {
"dynamic": true,
"fields": {
"items": [
{
"dynamic": true,
"type": "embeddedDocuments"
},
{
"dynamic": true,
"fields": {
"tags": {
"type": "token"
}
},
"type": "document"
}
],
"purchaseMethod": {
"type": "token"
}
}
}
}

以下查询在集合中搜索带有 school 标签的项目,并优先搜索名为 backpack 的项目。MongoDB Search 根据所有匹配嵌入式文档的平均分数(算术平均值)按降序对结果进行评分。该查询包括一个用于将输出限制为 5 个文档的 $limit 阶段和一个用于执行以下操作的 $project 阶段:

  • 排除 items.nameitems.tags 字段以外的所有字段

  • 添加字段 score

1db.sales.aggregate({
2 "$search": {
3 "embeddedDocument": {
4 "path": "items",
5 "operator": {
6 "compound": {
7 "must": [{
8 "text": {
9 "path": "items.tags",
10 "query": "school"
11 }
12 }],
13 "should": [{
14 "text": {
15 "path": "items.name",
16 "query": "backpack"
17 }
18 }]
19 }
20 },
21 "score": {
22 "embedded": {
23 "aggregate": "mean"
24 }
25 }
26 }
27 }
28},
29{
30 $limit: 5
31},
32{
33 $project: {
34 "_id": 0,
35 "items.name": 1,
36 "items.tags": 1,
37 "score": { $meta: "searchScore" }
38 }
39})
[
{
items: [ {
name: 'backpack',
tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ]
} ],
score: 1.2907354831695557
},
{
items: [ {
name: 'envelopes',
tags: [ 'stationary', 'office', 'general' ]
},
{
name: 'printer paper',
tags: [ 'office', 'stationary' ]
},
{
name: 'backpack',
tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ]
} ],
score: 1.2907354831695557
},
{
items: [ {
name: 'backpack',
tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ]
} ],
score: 1.2907354831695557
},
{
items: [ {
name: 'backpack',
tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ]
} ],
score: 1.2907354831695557
},
{
items: [ {
name: 'backpack',
tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ]
} ],
score: 1.2907354831695557
}
]

以下查询搜索标记为 school 且优先搜索名为 backpack 的项目。它请求有关 purchaseMethod 字段的分面信息。

1db.sales.aggregate({
2 "$searchMeta": {
3 "facet": {
4 "operator": {
5 "embeddedDocument": {
6 "path": "items",
7 "operator": {
8 "compound": {
9 "must": [
10 {
11 "text": {
12 "path": "items.tags",
13 "query": "school"
14 }
15 }
16 ],
17 "should": [
18 {
19 "text": {
20 "path": "items.name",
21 "query": "backpack"
22 }
23 }
24 ]
25 }
26 }
27 }
28 },
29 "facets": {
30 "purchaseMethodFacet": {
31 "type": "string",
32 "path": "purchaseMethod"
33 }
34 }
35 }
36 }
37})
[
{
count: { lowerBound: Long("2309") },
facet: {
purchaseMethodFacet: {
buckets: [
{ _id: 'In store', count: Long("2751") },
{ _id: 'Online', count: Long("1535") },
{ _id: 'Phone', count: Long("578") }
]
}
}
}
]

以下查询搜索名为 laptop 的项目,并按 items.tags 字段对结果进行排序。该查询包括一个 $limit 阶段,用于将输出限制为 5 个文档,以及一个 $project 阶段,用于:

  • 排除 items.nameitems.tags 之外的所有字段

  • 添加字段 score

1db.sales.aggregate({
2 "$search": {
3 "embeddedDocument": {
4 "path": "items",
5 "operator": {
6 "text": {
7 "path": "items.name",
8 "query": "laptop"
9 }
10 }
11 },
12 "sort": {
13 "items.tags": 1
14 }
15 }
16},
17{
18 "$limit": 5
19},
20{
21 "$project": {
22 "_id": 0,
23 "items.name": 1,
24 "items.tags": 1,
25 "score": { "$meta": "searchScore" }
26 }
27})
1[
2 {
3 items: [
4 { name: 'envelopes', tags: [ 'stationary', 'office', 'general' ] },
5 { name: 'binder', tags: [ 'school', 'general', 'organization' ] },
6 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
7 { name: 'laptop', tags: [ 'electronics', 'school', 'office' ] },
8 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
9 { name: 'printer paper', tags: [ 'office', 'stationary' ] },
10 { name: 'backpack', tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ] },
11 { name: 'pens', tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ] },
12 { name: 'envelopes', tags: [ 'stationary', 'office', 'general' ] }
13 ],
14 score: 1.168686032295227
15 },
16 {
17 items: [
18 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
19 { name: 'binder', tags: [ 'school', 'general', 'organization' ] },
20 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
21 { name: 'pens', tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ] },
22 { name: 'printer paper', tags: [ 'office', 'stationary' ] },
23 { name: 'pens', tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ] },
24 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
25 { name: 'backpack', tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ] },
26 { name: 'laptop', tags: [ 'electronics', 'school', 'office' ] }
27 ],
28 score: 1.168686032295227
29 },
30 {
31 items: [
32 { name: 'backpack', tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ] },
33 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
34 { name: 'binder', tags: [ 'school', 'general', 'organization' ] },
35 { name: 'pens', tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ] },
36 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
37 { name: 'envelopes', tags: [ 'stationary', 'office', 'general' ] },
38 { name: 'laptop', tags: [ 'electronics', 'school', 'office' ] }
39 ],
40 score: 1.168686032295227
41 },
42 {
43 items: [
44 { name: 'laptop', tags: [ 'electronics', 'school', 'office' ] },
45 { name: 'binder', tags: [ 'school', 'general', 'organization' ] },
46 { name: 'binder', tags: [ 'school', 'general', 'organization' ] },
47 { name: 'backpack', tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ] },
48 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
49 { name: 'printer paper', tags: [ 'office', 'stationary' ] },
50 { name: 'pens', tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ] },
51 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
52 { name: 'pens', tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ] },
53 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] }
54 ],
55 score: 1.168686032295227
56 },
57 {
58 items: [
59 { name: 'envelopes', tags: [ 'stationary', 'office', 'general' ] },
60 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
61 { name: 'notepad', tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ] },
62 { name: 'backpack', tags: [ 'school', 'travel', 'kids' ] },
63 { name: 'envelopes', tags: [ 'stationary', 'office', 'general' ] },
64 { name: 'pens', tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ] },
65 { name: 'binder', tags: [ 'school', 'general', 'organization' ] },
66 { name: 'laptop', tags: [ 'electronics', 'school', 'office' ] },
67 { name: 'printer paper', tags: [ 'office', 'stationary' ] },
68 { name: 'binder', tags: [ 'school', 'general', 'organization' ] }
69 ],
70 score: 1.168686032295227
71 }
72]

以下查询仅返回与查询匹配的嵌套文档。该查询在 阶段使用MongoDB Search复合运算符符子句查找匹配的文档,然后在 $search$project阶段使用聚合操作符仅返回匹配的嵌入式文档。具体来说,该查询指定了以下管道阶段:

复合操作符 must 子句中指定以下条件:

  • 检查集合中是否存在 items.price 字段。

  • items.tags 字段中搜索标记为 school 的项目。

  • 仅当 items.quantity 字段的值大于 2 时才匹配。

将输出限制为 5 份文档。

请执行以下操作:

  • 排除 _id 字段,仅包含 itemsstoreLocation 字段。

  • 使用 $filter 以只返回 items 输入数组中符合 $and 操作符指定条件的元素。and 操作符使用以下操作符:

    • $ifNull 以确定 items.price 是否包含 null 值,并将 null 值(如果存在)替换为替换表达式 false

    • $gt 检查数量是否大于 2。

    • $in 来检查 office 是否存在于 tags 数组中。

1db.sales.aggregate(
2 {
3 "$search": {
4 "embeddedDocument": {
5 "path": "items",
6 "operator": {
7 "compound": {
8 "must": [
9 {
10 "range": {
11 "path": "items.quantity",
12 "gt": 2
13 }
14 },
15 {
16 "exists": {
17 "path": "items.price"
18 }
19 },
20 {
21 "text": {
22 "path": "items.tags",
23 "query": "school"
24 }
25 }
26 ]
27 }
28 }
29 }
30 }
31 },
32 {
33 "$limit": 2
34 },
35 {
36 "$project": {
37 "_id": 0,
38 "storeLocation": 1,
39 "items": {
40 "$filter": {
41 "input": "$items",
42 "cond": {
43 "$and": [
44 {
45 "$ifNull": [
46 "$$this.price", "false"
47 ]
48 },
49 {
50 "$gt": [
51 "$$this.quantity", 2
52 ]
53 },
54 {
55 "$in": [
56 "office", "$$this.tags"
57 ]
58 }
59 ]
60 }
61 }
62 }
63 }
64 }
65)
1[
2 {
3 storeLocation: 'Austin',
4 items: [
5 {
6 name: 'laptop',
7 tags: [ 'electronics', 'school', 'office' ],
8 price: Decimal128('753.04'),
9 quantity: 3
10 },
11 {
12 name: 'pens',
13 tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ],
14 price: Decimal128('19.09'),
15 quantity: 4
16 },
17 {
18 name: 'notepad',
19 tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ],
20 price: Decimal128('30.23'),
21 quantity: 5
22 },
23 {
24 name: 'pens',
25 tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ],
26 price: Decimal128('20.05'),
27 quantity: 4
28 },
29 {
30 name: 'notepad',
31 tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ],
32 price: Decimal128('22.08'),
33 quantity: 3
34 },
35 {
36 name: 'notepad',
37 tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ],
38 price: Decimal128('21.67'),
39 quantity: 4
40 }
41 ]
42 },
43 {
44 storeLocation: 'Austin',
45 items: [
46 {
47 name: 'notepad',
48 tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ],
49 price: Decimal128('24.16'),
50 quantity: 5
51 },
52 {
53 name: 'notepad',
54 tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ],
55 price: Decimal128('28.04'),
56 quantity: 5
57 },
58 {
59 name: 'notepad',
60 tags: [ 'office', 'writing', 'school' ],
61 price: Decimal128('21.42'),
62 quantity: 5
63 },
64 {
65 name: 'laptop',
66 tags: [ 'electronics', 'school', 'office' ],
67 price: Decimal128('1540.63'),
68 quantity: 3
69 },
70 {
71 name: 'pens',
72 tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ],
73 price: Decimal128('29.43'),
74 quantity: 5
75 },
76 {
77 name: 'pens',
78 tags: [ 'writing', 'office', 'school', 'stationary' ],
79 price: Decimal128('28.48'),
80 quantity: 5
81 }
82 ]
83 }
84]

要学习;了解更多信息,请参阅如何对嵌入式文档中的字段运行MongoDB搜索查询。

后退

多个子句

在此页面上