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混合搜索

使用 Atlas Vector Search 和 Atlas Search 执行混合搜索

本教程演示了混合搜索，即针对相同查询条件的全文搜索和语义搜索的聚合。虽然全文可以有效地查找查询词的精确匹配项，但语义搜索的另一个好处是可以识别语义相似的文档，即使文档不包含精确的查询术语。这可确保同义词和上下文相似的匹配项也包含在两种搜索方法的组合结果中。

相反，如果数据集中有专有名词或特定关键词的词元，这些词元在数据集中使用的上下文相同，您不希望在培训嵌入模型时考虑这些词元，则向量搜索可能会受益于与全文搜索相结合。

您还可以为每个查询的每种搜索方法设立权重。根据全文或语义搜索结果是否与查询最相关且最合适，您可以增加每个查询的搜索方法的权重。

关于本教程

本教程演示如何结合Atlas Vector Search和对 sample_mflix.embedded_movies集合（包含电影详细信息）的Atlas Search查询运行混合搜索，以获得统一搜索结果。具体来说，本教程将指导您完成以下步骤：

  1. 在 plot_embedding_voyage_3_large 字段上创建 Atlas Vector Search 索引。该字段包含表示电影情节摘要的向量嵌入。

  2. 在 sample_mflix.embedded_movies 集合的 title 字段上设置 Atlas Search 索引。此字段包含文本字符串形式的电影名称。

  3. 运行一个使用互易等级融合的查询，将针对 plot_embedding_voyage_3_large 字段的$vectorSearch查询结果和针对 title 字段的$search查询结果结合起来。

先决条件

在开始之前，请完成常见先决条件。您必须具有项目的 访问权限才能创建Atlas Vector Search和AtlasProject Data Access Admin Search索引。

创建 Atlas Vector Search 和 Atlas Search 索引

本部分演示如何在sample_mflix.embedded_moviescollection中的字段上创建以下索引：

  • plot_embedding_voyage_3_large字段上的 Atlas Vector Search 索引，用于针对该字段运行向量查询。

  • title字段上的 Atlas Search 索引，用于对该字段运行全文搜索。

步骤

1

使用 连接到Atlasmongosh 集群。

要了解更多信息，请参阅通过 mongosh 进行连接。

2

切换到包含要创建索引的集合的数据库。

use sample_mflix
switched to db sample_mflix
3

定义 Atlas Vector Search 索引。

运行以下命令。查询集合时，此索引定义将 plot_embedding_voyage_3_large字段作为Atlas Vector Search字段进行索引。

1db.embedded_movies.createSearchIndex(
2  "hybrid-vector-search", 
3  "vectorSearch", 
4  {
5    "fields": [
6      {
7        "type": "vector",
8        "path": "plot_embedding_voyage_3_large",
9        "numDimensions": 2048,
10        "similarity": "dotProduct"
11      }
12    ]
13  }
14);
4

定义 Atlas Search 索引。

以下索引定义自动为集合中的所有动态可索引字段编制索引。

1db.embedded_movies.createSearchIndex(
2  "hybrid-full-text-search", 
3  "search", 
4  {
5    "mappings": {
6      "dynamic": true
7    }
8  }
9);

运行组合语义搜索和全文搜索查询

sample_mflix.embedded_moviesplot_embedding_voyage_3_largetitle$vectorSearch$search本部分演示如何使用$rankFusion 阶段内的 和 管道阶段查询 集合中 和 字段中星球大战的数据，以对结果中的文档。$rankFusion 阶段可确保两次搜索中出现的文档出现在合并结果的顶部。

步骤

1

设置要在查询中使用的嵌入。

  1. 创建一个名为 query-embeddings.js 的文件。

  2. 将以下嵌入复制并粘贴到文件中。

    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  3. 保存并关闭文件。

2

使用 mongosh 连接到集群。

在终端窗口中打开mongosh并连接到集群。 有关连接的详细说明，请参阅通过mongosh连接。

3

使用 sample_mflix 数据库。

在 mongosh 提示符下运行以下命令：

use sample_mflix
switched to db sample_mflix
4

加载要在查询中使用的嵌入。

将 <path-to-file> 替换为 embeddings.js文件的绝对路径后，运行以下命令加载嵌入：

load('/<path-to-file>/embeddings.js');

要验证嵌入是否已成功加载，运行以下命令：

STAR_WARS_EMBEDDING.length
2048
5

对 embedded_movies 集合运行以下 Atlas Search 查询。

1db.embedded_movies.aggregate([
2  {
3    $rankFusion: {
4      input: {
5        pipelines: {
6          vectorPipeline: [
7            {
8              "$vectorSearch": {
9                "index": "hybrid-vector-search",
10                "path": "plot_embedding_voyage_3_large",
11                "queryVector": STAR_WARS_EMBEDDING,
12                "numCandidates": 100,
13                "limit": 20
14              }
15            }
16          ],
17          fullTextPipeline: [
18            {
19              "$search": {
20                "index": "hybrid-full-text-search",
21                "phrase": {
22                  "query": "star wars",
23                  "path": "title"
24                }
25              }
26            },
27            { "$limit": 20 }
28          ]
29        }
30      },
31      combination: {
32        weights: {
33          vectorPipeline: 0.5,
34          fullTextPipeline: 0.5
35        }
36      },
37      "scoreDetails": true
38    }
39  },
40  {
41    "$project": {
42      _id: 1,
43      title: 1,
44      plot: 1,
45      scoreDetails: {"$meta": "scoreDetails"}
46    }
47  },
48  {
49    "$limit": 10
50  }
51]);
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a1397f29313caabce68f6'),
    plot: "Luke Skywalker joins forces with a Jedi Knight, a cocky pilot, a wookiee and two droids to save the universe from the Empire's world-destroying battle-station, while also attempting to rescue Princess Leia from the evil Darth Vader.",
    title: 'Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.01626123744050767,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline',
          rank: 2,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 2.9571781158447266,
          details: []
        },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 1,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7987099885940552,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a139af29313caabcf0f5f'),
    plot: 'Two Jedi Knights escape a hostile blockade to find allies and come across a young boy who may bring balance to the Force, but the long dormant Sith resurface to reclaim their old glory.',
    title: 'Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.015527202696196438,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline',
          rank: 2,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 2.9571781158447266,
          details: []
        },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 7,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7771433591842651,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a1397f29313caabce77d9'),
    plot: 'After the rebels have been brutally overpowered by the Empire on their newly established base, Luke Skywalker takes advanced Jedi training with Master Yoda, while his friends are pursued by Darth Vader as part of his plan to capture Luke.',
    title: 'Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.015504807692307693,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline',
          rank: 4,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 2.712062358856201,
          details: []
        },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 5,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7810181975364685,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a1397f29313caabce8cdb'),
    plot: 'After rescuing Han Solo from the palace of Jabba the Hutt, the rebels attempt to destroy the second Death Star, while Luke struggles to make Vader return from the dark side of the Force.',
    title: 'Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.015388257575757576,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline',
          rank: 4,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 2.712062358856201,
          details: []
        },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 6,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7782549858093262,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a13c0f29313caabd62f62'),
    plot: 'Anakin Skywalker and Ahsoka Tano must rescue the kidnapped son of Jabba the Hutt, but political intrigue complicates their mission.',
    title: 'Star Wars: The Clone Wars',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.015141165755919854,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline',
          rank: 1,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 3.609658718109131,
          details: []
        },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 12,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7561323642730713,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a139af29313caabcf124d'),
    plot: 'As the Clone Wars near an end, the Sith Lord Darth Sidious steps out of the shadows, at which time Anakin succumbs to his emotions, becoming Darth Vader and putting his relationships with Obi-Wan and Padme at risk.',
    title: 'Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.014854753521126762,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline',
          rank: 4,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 2.712062358856201,
          details: []
        },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 11,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.756283700466156,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a139af29313caabcf1258'),
    plot: 'Ten years after initially meeting, Anakin Skywalker shares a forbidden romance with Padmè, while Obi-Wan investigates an assassination attempt on the Senator and discovers a secret clone army crafted for the Jedi.',
    title: 'Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.014391447368421052,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline',
          rank: 4,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 2.712062358856201,
          details: []
        },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 16,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7400004267692566,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a1398f29313caabce9091'),
    plot: "A Duke's son leads desert warriors against the galactic emperor and his father's evil nemesis when they assassinate his father and free their desert world from the emperor's rule.",
    title: 'Dune',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.008064516129032258,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        { inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline', rank: 0, weight: 0.5 },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 2,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7947750091552734,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a1397f29313caabce6f53'),
    plot: 'In this Star Wars take-off, the peaceful planet of Jillucia has been nearly wiped out by the Gavanas, whose leader takes orders from his mother (played a comic actor in drag) rather than ...',
    title: 'Message from Space',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.007936507936507936,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        { inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline', rank: 0, weight: 0.5 },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 3,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7913960218429565,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  {
    _id: ObjectId('573a139df29313caabcfa90b'),
    plot: 'In this Star Wars take-off, the peaceful planet of Jillucia has been nearly wiped out by the Gavanas, whose leader takes orders from his mother (played a comic actor in drag) rather than ...',
    title: 'Message from Space',
    scoreDetails: {
      value: 0.007936507936507936,
      description: 'value output by reciprocal rank fusion algorithm, computed as sum of (weight * (1 / (60 + rank))) across input pipelines from which this document is output, from:',
      details: [
        { inputPipelineName: 'fullTextPipeline', rank: 0, weight: 0.5 },
        {
          inputPipelineName: 'vectorPipeline',
          rank: 3,
          weight: 0.5,
          value: 0.7913960218429565,
          details: []
        }
      ]
    }
  }
]

关于查询

示例查询从语义搜索和全文搜索中检索排序后的搜索结果，并根据结果数组中的位置为结果中的文档分配倒数排名分数。倒数排名分数的计算公式如下：

1.0/{document position in the results + constant value}

然后，该查询会将每个文档的两次搜索得分相加，根据组合得分对文档进行排名，并对文档进行排序以返回单个结果。常量的值始终为 60。

查询权重

示例查询为管道定义了以下权重，以影响管道对最终分数的排名贡献：

  • vectorPipeline = 0.5

  • fullTextPipeline = 0.5

您可以调整权重，更加重视某一搜索方法。请注意，数字越小，权重越高。

加权倒数排名分数的计算公式如下：

weight x reciprocal rank

scoreDetails.value 显示该管道在使用倒数排名融合进行加权和组合之前的原始分数。 scoreDetails.details.value 显示加权排名分数倒数。

查询阶段

示例查询使用 $rankFusion 阶段独立执行语义查询和全文查询，然后对输入查询结果进行去重并将其组合成最终的排名结果设立。它根据输入管道中显示的排名和管道权重返回一设立已排名的文档。具体来说，此阶段采用以下输入管道：

vectorPipeline

此管道包含 查询。它在$vectorSearch 字段中搜索指定为查询的plot_embedding_voyage_3_large 字段中的向量嵌入的字符串 StarqueryVector Wars。该查询使用voyage-3-large Voyage AI中的 嵌入模型，该模型与plot_embedding_voyage_3_large 字段中的嵌入使用的模型相同。该查询还指定最多搜索100 个最近邻，并将结果限制为仅20 个文档。此阶段从结果中返回语义搜索的排序文档。

fullTextPipeline

该管道包含以下阶段：

  • $search可搜索在star wars 字段中包含title 术语的电影。此阶段从结果中的全文搜索中返回已排序的文档。

  • $limit将 阶段的输出限制为仅$search 20结果。

该示例查询使用以下阶段来合并语义搜索和文本搜索的结果，并在结果中返回一个排序文档列表：

$project

结果中仅包含以下字段：

  • _id

  • title

  • plot

  • scoreDetails

$limit

仅将输出限制为 10 个结果。

后退

混合搜索

来年

组合向量搜索

在此页面上