多分析器

您可以在索引定义中使用 multi对象来指定备用分析器，用于对字段建立索引。除了默认分析器以外，在使用备用分析器对字段进行索引时，您可以使用默认分析器或备用分析器搜索集合。本页说明了如何使用 multi 在索引定义中指定备用分析器。

Multi Analyzer 限制

multi 路径选项仅适用于字符串类型的字段。

MongoDB Search 不支持嵌套多个 multi 对象层。

示例

以下示例演示了 sample_mflix.movies集合中字段的索引定义。如果将集合加载到集群上，则可以使用Atlas用户界面中的可视化编辑器或 JSON 编辑器或使用 mongosh 创建示例索引。

➤ 使用选择语言下拉菜单为此页面上的示例设立界面。

单字段示例

以下示例索引定义使用 standard 分析器指定了 title 字段的索引。此索引定义还指定 lucene.french 分析器作为 title 字段的备用分析器，且名称为 frenchAnalyzer。

单击 Refine Your Index 配置索引。
在 Field Mappings 部分中，单击 Add Field 打开 Add Field Mapping 窗口。
从 Field Name 下拉列表中选择 title。
单击 Data Type 下拉列表并选择 String（如果尚未选择）。

展开 String Properties 并进行以下更改：

索引分析器	如果尚未选择，请从下拉菜单中选择 `lucene.standard`。
Search Analyzer	如果尚未选择，请从下拉菜单中选择 `lucene.standard`。
索引选项	使用默认 `offsets`。
Store	使用默认 `true`。
忽略以上内容	保留默认设置。
规范	使用默认 `include`。

单击Add Multi Field可对title字段配置另一个分析器。
在Multi Field Name字段中输入frenchAnalyzer 。

对 Multi Field Properties 进行以下更改：

索引分析器	如果尚未选择，请从下拉菜单中选择 `lucene.french`。
Search Analyzer	如果尚未选择，请从下拉菜单中选择 `lucene.french`。
索引选项	使用默认 `offsets`。
Store	使用默认 `true`。
忽略以上内容	保留默认设置。
规范	使用默认 `include`。

单击 Add（连接）。
单击 Save Changes（连接）。
单击 Create Search Index（连接）。

将默认索引定义替换为以下索引定义。

1 {
2   "mappings": {
3     "dynamic": false,
4     "fields": {
5       "title": {
6         "type": "string",
7         "analyzer": "lucene.standard",
8         "multi": {
9           "frenchAnalyzer": {
10             "type": "string",
11             "analyzer": "lucene.french"
12           }
13         }
14       }
15     }
16   }
17 }

单击 Next（连接）。
单击 Create Search Index（连接）。

1 db.movies.createSearchIndex(
2   "default",
3     {
4       "mappings": {
5         "dynamic": false,
6         "fields": {
7           "title": {
8             "type": "string",
9             "analyzer": "lucene.standard",
10             "multi": {
11               "frenchAnalyzer": {
12                 "type": "string",
13                 "analyzer": "lucene.french"
14               }
15           }
16         }
17       }
18     }
19   }
20 )

以下查询使用名为 frenchAnalyzer 的备用分析器来搜索字符串 liberte。

单击索引的 Query 按钮。
单击 Edit Query 编辑查询。
单击查询栏上的并选择数据库和集合。

将默认查询替换为以下内容，然后单击 Find：

[
  {
    "$search": {
      "text": {
        "query": "liberte",
        "path": { "value": "title", "multi": "frenchAnalyzer" }
      }
    }
  }
]

SCORE: 4.9305267333984375  _id:  "573a1392f29313caabcd9950"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (1)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "A famous left-wing satirical comedy about two ex-convicts, one of whom…"
   genres: Array (2)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-08-21 00:02:36.330000000"
   num_mflix_comments: 1
   plot: "A famous left-wing satirical comedy about two ex-convicts, one of whom…"
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BODg0ODAzNTItM2M4ZC00NGYxLWIzMm…"
   rated: "APPROVED"
   released: 1931-12-31T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 97
   title: "è Nous la Libertè"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (1)
   year: 1931

1 db.movies.aggregate([
2   {
3     "$search": {
4       "text": {
5         "query": "liberte",
6         "path": { "value": "title", "multi": "frenchAnalyzer" }
7       }
8     }
9   },
10   {
11     "$project": {
12       "title": 1,
13       "year": 1,
14       "_id": 0
15     }
16   }
17 ])

[ { title: 'è Nous la Libertè', year: 1931 } ]

结果中的文档是匹配项，因为 frenchAnalyzer 将索引字符串 è Nous la Libertè 和查询术语liberte 缩减为基本词 libert。使用 standard分析器进行搜索时， MongoDB搜索不会返回此文档，因为它不会删除变音符号。每个分析器为索引和查询生成以下词元（可搜索词）：

分析器	Index Tokens	查询标记
标准分析器	`è`, `nous` , `la` , `libertè`	`libertè`
French 分析器	`è`, `libert`	`libert`

多字段示例

以下示例索引定义使用 standard 分析器指定 title 与 plot 字段的索引。此索引定义还指定 lucene.french 作为 title 与 plot 字段的备用分析器。

单击 Refine Your Index 配置索引。
在 Field Mappings 部分中，单击 Add Field 打开 Add Field Mapping 窗口。
从 Field Name 下拉列表中选择 title。
单击 Data Type 下拉列表并选择 String（如果尚未选择）。

展开 String Properties 并进行以下更改：

索引分析器	如果尚未选择，请从下拉菜单中选择 `lucene.standard`。
Search Analyzer	如果尚未选择，请从下拉菜单中选择 `lucene.standard`。
索引选项	使用默认 `offsets`。
Store	使用默认 `true`。
忽略以上内容	保留默认设置。
规范	使用默认 `include`。

单击Add Multi Field可对title字段配置另一个分析器。
在Multi Field Name字段中输入frenchAnalyzer 。

对 Multi Field Properties 进行以下更改：

索引分析器	如果尚未选择，请从下拉菜单中选择 `lucene.french`。
Search Analyzer	如果尚未选择，请从下拉菜单中选择 `lucene.french`。
索引选项	使用默认 `offsets`。
Store	使用默认 `true`。
忽略以上内容	保留默认设置。
规范	使用默认 `include`。

单击 Add（连接）。
点击 Add Field Mapping 打开 Add Field Mapping 窗口。
从 Field Name 下拉列表中选择 plot。
重复步骤 4 到 9。
单击 Save Changes（连接）。
单击 Create Search Index（连接）。

将默认索引定义替换为以下索引定义。

1 {
2   "mappings": {
3     "dynamic": false,
4     "fields": {
5       "title": {
6         "type": "string",
7         "analyzer": "lucene.standard",
8         "multi": {
9           "frenchAnalyzer": {
10             "type": "string",
11             "analyzer": "lucene.french"
12           }
13         }
14       },
15       "plot": {
16         "type": "string",
17         "analyzer": "lucene.standard",
18         "multi": {
19           "frenchAnalyzer": {
20             "type": "string",
21             "analyzer": "lucene.french"
22           }
23         }
24       }
25     }
26   }
27 }

单击 Next（连接）。
单击 Create Search Index（连接）。

1 db.movies.createSearchIndex(
2   "default",
3     {
4       "mappings": {
5         "dynamic": false,
6         "fields": {
7           "title": {
8             "type": "string",
9             "analyzer": "lucene.standard",
10             "multi": {
11               "frenchAnalyzer": {
12                 "type": "string",
13                 "analyzer": "lucene.french"
14               }
15             }
16           },
17           "plot": {
18             "type": "string",
19             "analyzer": "lucene.standard",
20             "multi": {
21               "frenchAnalyzer": {
22                 "type": "string",
23                 "analyzer": "lucene.french"
24               }
25             }
26           }
27         }
28       }
29     }
30 )

以下查询使用名为 frenchAnalyzer 的备用分析器在 title 与 plot 字段中搜索字符串 revolution 的匹配项。

单击索引的 Query 按钮。
单击 Edit Query 编辑查询。
单击查询栏上的并选择数据库和集合。

将默认查询替换为以下内容，然后单击 Find：

[
  {
    "$search": {
      "text": {
        "query": "revolution",
          "path": [
            "title", "plot",
            { "value": "title", "multi": "frenchAnalyzer" },
            {  "value": "plot", "multi": "frenchAnalyzer" }
         ]
      }
    }
  }
]

SCORE: 14.07243537902832   _id:  "573a13dbf29313caabdaf845"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (11)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "REVOLUTION is a film about changing the world, going for it, taking a …"
   genres: Array (3)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-07-09 11:14:18.300000000"
   metacritic: 53
   num_mflix_comments: 0
   plot: "REVOLUTION is a film about changing the world, going for it, taking a …"
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTc1NDIxNjc0N15BMl5BanBnXkFtZT…"
   rated: "PG"
   released: 2015-04-22T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 85
   title: "Revolution"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (1)
   year: 2012
SCORE: 13.935744285583496   _id:  "573a1398f29313caabce9ae2"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (2)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "New York trapper Tom Dobb becomes an unwilling participant in the Amer…"
   genres: Array (3)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-08-14 00:46:28.990000000"
   num_mflix_comments: 1
   plot: "New York trapper Tom Dobb becomes an unwilling participant in the Amer…"
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BZmZhMmEyNjktZTgxZC00NzQyLTkyZD…"
   rated: "PG-13"
   released: 1985-12-25T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 126
   title: "Revolution"
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (1)
   year: 1985
SCORE: 11.623137474060059   _id:  "573a13f5f29313caabde37d4"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (1)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "Together with five Soviet avant-garde artists, hero of the Russian rev…"
   genres: Array (1)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-09-15 03:33:53.177000000"
   num_mflix_comments: 1
   plot: "Together with five Soviet avant-garde artists, hero of the Russian rev…"
   released: 2014-11-18T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 113
   title: "Angels of Revolution"
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (3)
   year: 2014
SCORE: 11.210482597351074   _id:  "573a1396f29313caabce4248"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (1)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "An account of the adventures of two sets of identical twins, badly scr…"
   genres: Array (2)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-09-05 00:50:08.277000000"
   num_mflix_comments: 0
   plot: "Two mismatched sets of identical twins - one aristocrat, one peasant -…"
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BODM2MzE3NmMtNmE2ZS00OGI2LWI5NT…"
   rated: "M"
   released: 1970-08-14T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 90
   title: "Start the Revolution Without Me"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (2)
   year: 1970
SCORE: 8.332647323608398   _id:  "573a1398f29313caabceba10"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (5)
   directors: Array (2)
   fullplot: "A history of the French Revolution from the decision of the king to co…"
   genres: Array (3)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (2)
   lastupdated: "2015-09-05 00:30:36.643000000"
   num_mflix_comments: 0
   plot: "A history of the French Revolution from the decision of the king to co…"
   released: 1989-10-25T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 360
   title: "La rèvolution franèaise"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (5)
   year: 1989
SCORE: 7.699893474578857   _id:  "573a13a4f29313caabd10215"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (1)
   directors: Array (1)
   genres: Array (1)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-09-10 17:19:25.853000000"
   metacritic: 63
   num_mflix_comments: 0
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTkxOTUzNjg0Ml5BMl5BanBnXkFtZT…"
   released: 2001-04-22T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 90
   title: "Revolution #9"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (1)
   year: 2001
SCORE: 6.8415961265563965   _id:  "573a13a0f29313caabd05edb"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (1)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "Friendship and betrayal between two poets during the French Revolution…"
   genres: Array (2)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-04-17 01:56:58.940000000"
   metacritic: 60
   num_mflix_comments: 0
   plot: "Friendship and betrayal between two poets during the French Revolution…"
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTQ0Nzc0OTkwM15BMl5BanBnXkFtZT…"
   rated: "PG-13"
   released: 2001-04-18T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 124
   title: "Pandaemonium"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (1)
   year: 2000
SCORE: 6.7074995040893555   _id:  "573a1397f29313caabce8972"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (1)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "Set ten years after the most peaceful revolution in United States hist…"
   genres: Array (3)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-09-10 17:14:53.427000000"
   num_mflix_comments: 1
   plot: "Set ten years after the most peaceful revolution in United States hist…"
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BYTE5MGNhN2QtMTNhYy00MDQ1LTgzOT…"
   released: 1983-11-03T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 80
   title: "Born in Flames"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (2)
   year: 1983
SCORE: 6.615457057952881   _id:  "573a1395f29313caabce1c90"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (4)
   countries: Array (1)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "The study of a youth on the edge of adulthood and his aunt, ten years …"
   genres: Array (2)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-08-21 00:16:07.580000000"
   num_mflix_comments: 0
   plot: "The study of a youth on the edge of adulthood and his aunt, ten years …"
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMmJjOGRjNWMtOGE5Ni00YzYwLThkM2…"
   released: 1964-05-12T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 105
   title: "Before the Revolution"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   writers: Array (2)
   year: 1964
SCORE: 6.615457057952881   _id:  "573a13cef29313caabd86ecc"
   awards: Object
   cast: Array (1)
   countries: Array (1)
   directors: Array (1)
   fullplot: "Through intimate interviews, provocative art, and rare, historical fil…"
   genres: Array (1)
   imdb: Object
   languages: Array (1)
   lastupdated: "2015-04-02 00:54:39.997000000"
   metacritic: 70
   num_mflix_comments: 1
   plot: "Through intimate interviews, provocative art, and rare, historical fil…"
   poster: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMjE1MDU1MDA2Nl5BMl5BanBnXkFtZT…"
   released: 2011-06-01T00:00:00.000+00:00
   runtime: 83
   title: "!Women Art Revolution"
   tomatoes: Object
   type: "movie"
   year: 2010

1 db.movies.aggregate([
2   {
3     "$search": {
4       "text": {
5         "query": "revolution",
6         "path": ["title", "plot",
7           { "value": "title", "multi": "frenchAnalyzer" },
8           {  "value": "plot", "multi": "frenchAnalyzer" }
9         ]
10       }
11     }
12   },
13   {
14     "$limit": 5
15   },
16   {
17     "$project": {
18       "title": 1,
19       "plot": 1,
20       "year": 1,
21       "_id": 0
22     }
23   }
24 ])

[
  {
    year: 2012,
    plot: 'REVOLUTION is a film about changing the world, going for it, taking a stand, and fighting for something. A true-life adventure following Director, Rob Stewart (SHARKWATER) over four years ...',
    title: 'Revolution'
  },
  {
    plot: 'New York trapper Tom Dobb becomes an unwilling participant in the American Revolution after his son Ned is drafted into the Army by the villainous Sergeant Major Peasy. Tom attempts to find...',
    title: 'Revolution',
   year: 1985
  },
  {
    plot: "Together with five Soviet avant-garde artists, hero of the Russian revolution Polina Schneider travels to Siberia to 'civilize' the native Khanty and Nenets tribes, for whom interaction ...",
    title: 'Angels of Revolution',
    year: 2014
  },
  {
    plot: 'Two mismatched sets of identical twins - one aristocrat, one peasant - mistakenly exchange identities on the eve of the French Revolution.',
    title: 'Start the Revolution Without Me',
    year: 1970
  },
  {
    plot: "A history of the French Revolution from the decision of the king to convene the Etats-Generaux in 1789 in order to deal with France's debt problem. The first part of the movie tells the ...",
    title: 'La rèvolution franèaise',
    year: 1989
  }
]

结果中的文档在 title 和 plot 字段中包含查询术语。每个分析器为结果中每个文档的 title 字段创建以下标记（可搜索术语）：

年份	分析器	Index Tokens	查询标记
2012	Standard Analyzer French Analyzer	`revolution` `revolution`	`revolution` `revolution`
1985	Standard Analyzer French Analyzer	`revolution` `revolution`	`revolution` `revolution`
2014	Standard Analyzer French Analyzer	`angels`, `of`, `revolution` `angels`, `of`, `revolution`	`revolution` `revolution`
1970	Standard Analyzer French Analyzer	`start`, `the`, `revolution`, `without`, `me` `start`, `the`, `revolution`, `without`	`revolution` `revolution`
1989	Standard Analyzer French Analyzer	`la`, `rèvolution`, `franèaise` `revolution`, `franeais`	`revolution` `revolution`

对于这些结果中的第五个文档，frenchAnalyzer 删除了 title 字段中的标注字符，以便将此文档与查询词相匹配。

后退

语言

来年

自定义分析器

1	{
2	"mappings": {
3	"dynamic": false,
4	"fields": {
5	"title": {
6	"type": "string",
7	"analyzer": "lucene.standard",
8	"multi": {
9	"frenchAnalyzer": {
10	"type": "string",
11	"analyzer": "lucene.french"
12	}
13	}
14	}
15	}
16	}
17	}

1	db.movies.createSearchIndex(
2	"default",
3	{
4	"mappings": {
5	"dynamic": false,
6	"fields": {
7	"title": {
8	"type": "string",
9	"analyzer": "lucene.standard",
10	"multi": {
11	"frenchAnalyzer": {
12	"type": "string",
13	"analyzer": "lucene.french"
14	}
15	}
16	}
17	}
18	}
19	}
20	)

1	db.movies.aggregate([
2	{
3	"$search": {
4	"text": {
5	"query": "liberte",
6	"path": { "value": "title", "multi": "frenchAnalyzer" }
7	}
8	}
9	},
10	{
11	"$project": {
12	"title": 1,
13	"year": 1,
14	"_id": 0
15	}
16	}
17	])