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GeoJSON Objects

Overview

MongoDB supports the GeoJSON object types listed on this page.

To specify GeoJSON data, use an embedded document with:

a field named type that specifies the GeoJSON object type, and
a field named coordinates that specifies the object's coordinates.

<field>: { type: <GeoJSON type> , coordinates: <coordinates> }

Important

If specifying latitude and longitude coordinates, list the longitude first, and then latitude.

Valid longitude values are between -180 and 180, both inclusive.
Valid latitude values are between -90 and 90, both inclusive.

MongoDB geospatial queries on GeoJSON objects calculate on a sphere; MongoDB uses the WGS84 reference system for geospatial queries on GeoJSON objects.

`Point`

The following example specifies a GeoJSON Point:

{ type: "Point", coordinates: [ 40, 5 ] }

`LineString`

The following example specifies a GeoJSON LineString:

{ type: "LineString", coordinates: [ [ 40, 5 ], [ 41, 6 ] ] }

`Polygon`

Polygons consist of an array of GeoJSON LinearRing coordinate arrays. A LinearRing is a closed LineString with at least four coordinate pairs. The first and last coordinates must be identical.

Lines between two points on a curved surface, or geodesics, can differ from lines between the same points on a flat surface. Check coordinates carefully to avoid shared-edge errors, overlaps, or other intersections.

Polygons with a Single Ring

The following example specifies a GeoJSON Polygon with an exterior ring and no interior rings (or holes). The first and last coordinates must match in order to close the polygon:

{
  type: "Polygon",
  coordinates: [ [ [ 0 , 0 ] , [ 3 , 6 ] , [ 6 , 1 ] , [ 0 , 0  ] ] ]
}

For Polygons with a single ring, the ring cannot self-intersect.

Polygons with Multiple Rings

For Polygons with multiple rings:

The first described ring must be the exterior ring.
The exterior ring cannot self-intersect.
Any interior ring must be entirely contained by the outer ring.
Interior rings cannot intersect or overlap each other. Interior rings cannot share an edge.

The following example represents a GeoJSON polygon with an interior ring:

{
  type : "Polygon",
  coordinates : [
     [ [ 0 , 0 ] , [ 3 , 6 ] , [ 6 , 1 ] , [ 0 , 0 ] ],
     [ [ 2 , 2 ] , [ 3 , 3 ] , [ 4 , 2 ] , [ 2 , 2 ] ]
  ]
}

Diagram of a Polygon with internal ring.

`MultiPoint`

Requires 2dsphere Indexes.

GeoJSON MultiPoint embedded documents encode a list of points.

{
  type: "MultiPoint",
  coordinates: [
     [ -73.9580, 40.8003 ],
     [ -73.9498, 40.7968 ],
     [ -73.9737, 40.7648 ],
     [ -73.9814, 40.7681 ]
  ]
}

`MultiLineString`

Requires 2dsphere Indexes.

The following example specifies a GeoJSON MultiLineString:

{
  type: "MultiLineString",
  coordinates: [
     [ [ -73.96943, 40.78519 ], [ -73.96082, 40.78095 ] ],
     [ [ -73.96415, 40.79229 ], [ -73.95544, 40.78854 ] ],
     [ [ -73.97162, 40.78205 ], [ -73.96374, 40.77715 ] ],
     [ [ -73.97880, 40.77247 ], [ -73.97036, 40.76811 ] ]
  ]
}

`MultiPolygon`

Requires 2dsphere Indexes.

The following example specifies a GeoJSON MultiPolygon:

{
  type: "MultiPolygon",
  coordinates: [
     [ [ [ -73.958, 40.8003 ], [ -73.9498, 40.7968 ], [ -73.9737, 40.7648 ], [ -73.9814, 40.7681 ], [ -73.958, 40.8003 ] ] ],
     [ [ [ -73.958, 40.8003 ], [ -73.9498, 40.7968 ], [ -73.9737, 40.7648 ], [ -73.958, 40.8003 ] ] ]
  ]
}

`GeometryCollection`

Requires 2dsphere Indexes.

The following example stores coordinates of GeoJSON type GeometryCollection:

{
  type: "GeometryCollection",
  geometries: [
     {
       type: "MultiPoint",
       coordinates: [
          [ -73.9580, 40.8003 ],
          [ -73.9498, 40.7968 ],
          [ -73.9737, 40.7648 ],
          [ -73.9814, 40.7681 ]
       ]
     },
     {
       type: "MultiLineString",
       coordinates: [
          [ [ -73.96943, 40.78519 ], [ -73.96082, 40.78095 ] ],
          [ [ -73.96415, 40.79229 ], [ -73.95544, 40.78854 ] ],
          [ [ -73.97162, 40.78205 ], [ -73.96374, 40.77715 ] ],
          [ [ -73.97880, 40.77247 ], [ -73.97036, 40.76811 ] ]
       ]
     }
  ]
}

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