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Librerías de clientes

Driver C#/.NET

Agregación

Sintaxis LINQ para operaciones de agregación

Overview

En esta guía podrás aprender a utilizar LINQ con el controlador MongoDB.NET/C#. LINQ permite construir consultas sobre colecciones de objetos fuertemente tipadas mediante el uso de palabras clave y operadores del lenguaje. El controlador .NET/C# traduce automáticamente las consultas LINQ en operaciones de agregación.

Importante

LINQ3 es el único proveedor LINQ disponible en el controlador MongoDB .NET/C#. Si ha configurado manualmente su proyecto para usar LINQ2, no se compilará.

Los ejemplos de esta guía utilizan el restaurants Colección en la base de datos proporcionada sample_restaurants en los conjuntos de datos de muestra de Atlas. Para aprender a crear un clúster gratuito de MongoDB Atlas y cargar los conjuntos de datos de muestra, consulte Introducción al controlador .NET/C#.

Las siguientes clases Restaurant, Address y GradeEntry modelan los documentos de esta colección:

public class Restaurant
{
    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    [BsonElement("restaurant_id")]
    public string RestaurantId { get; set; }
    public string Cuisine { get; set; }
    public Address Address { get; set; }
    public string Borough { get; set; }
    public List<GradeEntry> Grades { get; set; }
}

public class Address
{
    public string Building { get; set; }
    [BsonElement("coord")]
    public double[] Coordinates { get; set; }
    public string Street { get; set; }
    [BsonElement("zipcode")]
    public string ZipCode { get; set; }
}

public class GradeEntry
{
    public DateTime Date { get; set; }
    public string Grade { get; set; }
    public float Score { get; set; }
}

Nota

Los documentos de la colección restaurants utilizan la convención de nomenclatura snake-case. Los ejemplos de esta guía utilizan un ConventionPack para deserializar los campos de la colección en notación Pascal y asignarlos a las propiedades de la clase Restaurant.

Para aprender más sobre la serialización personalizada, consultar Serialización personalizada.

Hacer que una colección sea consultable

Para usar LINQ y consultar su colección, primero debe crear un objeto IQueryable que enlace a la colección. Para crear el objeto, utilice el AsQueryable() método como se indica a continuación:

var restaurantsDatabase = client.GetDatabase("sample_restaurants");
var restaurantsCollection = restaurantsDatabase.GetCollection<Restaurant>("restaurants");
var queryableCollection = restaurantsCollection.AsQueryable();

Una vez que tenga el objeto consultable, puede crear una consulta utilizando la sintaxis de método. Algunas etapas de la canalización también admiten la sintaxis de comprensión de consultas, similar a la sintaxis de consulta SQL.

Seleccione el Method Syntax o la pestaña Query Syntax para ver cómo componer una consulta usando LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(r => r.Name == "The Movable Feast")
    .Select(r => new { r.Name, r.Address });

var query = from r in queryableCollection
    where r.Name == "The Movable Feast"
    select new { r.Name, r.Address };

Puede imprimir los resultados del ejemplo anterior de la siguiente manera:

foreach (var restaurant in query)
{
    Console.WriteLine(restaurant.ToJson());
}

{ "name" : "The Movable Feast", "address" : { "building" : "284", "coord" : [-73.982923900000003, 40.6580753], "street" : "Prospect Park West", "zipcode" : "11215" } }

Tip

Acceso a los resultados de la consulta

También puede acceder a los resultados de su consulta utilizando los métodos ToList() o ToCursor():

var results = query.ToList();

var results = query.ToCursor();

Etapas admitidas de agregación

Puede usar LINQ para crear una canalización de agregación. El controlador .NET/C# traduce automáticamente cada instrucción LINQ a las etapas correspondientes de la canalización de agregación. En esta sección, aprenderá qué etapas de la canalización de agregación son compatibles.

Para obtener más información sobre las etapas de la canalización de agregación, consulte Etapas de agregación en el manual de MongoDB Server.

$project

La etapa de agregación $project devuelve un documento que contiene solo los campos especificados.

Seleccione la pestaña Method Syntax o Query Syntax para ver cómo generar una etapa $project usando LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Select(r => new { r.Name, r.Address });

var query = from r in queryableCollection
    select new { r.Name, r.Address };

El resultado del ejemplo anterior contiene el siguiente documento:

{ "name" : "The Movable Feast", "address" : { "building" : "284", "coord" : [-73.982923900000003, 40.6580753], "street" : "Prospect Park West", "zipcode" : "11215" } }

Nota

Excluyendo el campo _id

Si no incluye el campo _id en su proyección LINQ, el controlador .NET/C# lo excluye automáticamente de los resultados.

Coincidencia

La etapa de agregación $match devuelve los documentos que coinciden con un criterio específico.

Seleccione la pestaña Method Syntax o Query Syntax para ver cómo generar una etapa $match usando LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(r => r.Name == "The Movable Feast");

var query = from r in queryableCollection
    where r.Name == "The Movable Feast"
    select r;

El resultado del ejemplo anterior contiene el siguiente documento:

 // Results Truncated
 { "_id" : ObjectId(...), "name" : "The Movable Feast", "restaurant_id" : "40361606", "cuisine" : "American", "address" : {...}, "borough" : "Brooklyn", "grades" : [...] }

$limit

La etapa de agregación $limit limita el número de documentos que devuelve la consulta. El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo generar una etapa $limit mediante LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(r => r.Cuisine == "Italian")
    .Select(r => new {r.Name, r.Cuisine})
    .Take(5);

El resultado del ejemplo anterior contiene los siguientes documentos:

 { "name" : "Philadelhia Grille Express", "cuisine" : "Italian" }
 { "name" : "Isle Of Capri Resturant", "cuisine" : "Italian" }
 { "name" : "Marchis Restaurant", "cuisine" : "Italian" }
 { "name" : "Crystal Room", "cuisine" : "Italian" }
 { "name" : "Forlinis Restaurant", "cuisine" : "Italian" }

Límite de una condición

Puede utilizar el método LINQ TakeWhile() en una proyección Select() para devolver elementos de un campo de matriz mientras una condición especificada sea verdadera y luego omitir los elementos restantes.

Este ejemplo utiliza la siguiente clase Student para modelar documentos que contienen un campo de matriz Grades:

public class Student
{
    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int[] Grades { get; set; }
}

El siguiente código muestra cómo usar el método TakeWhile() para devolver cualquier elemento de Grades arreglo que sea mayor que 90 y omitir el resto del arreglo:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Select(s => s.Grades.TakeWhile(g => g > 90).ToArray());

Los resultados podrían parecerse a las siguientes matrices:

[92, 97]
[100, 95, 91]

$sample

La etapa de agregación $sample devuelve una muestra aleatoria de documentos de una colección. El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo generar una etapa $sample mediante LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Aggregate()
    .Sample(4)
    .ToList();

El resultado del ejemplo anterior contiene los siguientes documentos:

// Results Truncated
{ "name" : "Von Dolhens", "cuisine" : "Ice Cream, Gelato, Yogurt, Ices" }
{ "name" : "New York Mercantile Exchange", "cuisine" : "American" }
{ "name" : "Michaelangelo's Restaurant", "cuisine" : "Italian" }
{ "name" : "Charlie Palmer Steak", "cuisine" : "American" }

$skip

La etapa de agregación $skip omite un número específico de documentos devueltos por una consulta y luego devuelve el resto de los resultados. El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo generar una etapa $skip mediante LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(r => r.Cuisine == "Italian")
    .Select(r => new {r.Name, r.Cuisine})
    .Skip(2);

El ejemplo anterior omite los dos primeros restaurantes que cumplen los criterios y devuelve el resto. El resultado contiene los siguientes documentos:

// Results Truncated
{ "name" : "Marchis Restaurant", "cuisine" : "Italian" }
{ "name" : "Crystal Room", "cuisine" : "Italian" }
{ "name" : "Forlinis Restaurant", "cuisine" : "Italian" }
...

Saltar por una condición

Puede utilizar el método LINQ SkipWhile() en una proyección Select() para omitir elementos del campo de matriz mientras una condición especificada sea verdadera y luego devolver los elementos restantes.

Este ejemplo utiliza la siguiente clase Student para modelar documentos que contienen un campo de matriz Grades:

public class Student
{
    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int[] Grades { get; set; }
}

El siguiente código muestra cómo utilizar el método SkipWhile() para omitir cualquier elemento de la matriz Grades que sea menor que 75 y devolver el resto de la matriz:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Select(s => s.Grades.SkipWhile(g => g < 75).ToArray());

Los resultados podrían parecerse a las siguientes matrices:

[80, 90, 70, 83]
[79, 100, 85, 73]

$unwind

La etapa de agregación $unwind deconstruye un campo de arreglo especificado y devuelve un documento para cada elemento de ese arreglo.

Seleccione la pestaña Method Syntax o Query Syntax para ver cómo generar una etapa $unwind usando LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(r => r.Name == "The Movable Feast")
    .SelectMany(r => r.Grades);

var query = from r in queryableCollection
    where r.Name == "The Movable Feast"
    from grade in r.Grades
    select grade;

La consulta del ejemplo anterior encuentra el documento cuyo campo Name tiene el valor "París era una fiesta". Luego, para cada elemento de la matriz Grades de este documento, la consulta devuelve un nuevo documento. El resultado contiene los siguientes documentos:

{ "date" : ISODate("2014-11-19T00:00:00Z"), "grade" : "A", "score" : 11 }
{ "date" : ISODate("2013-11-14T00:00:00Z"), "grade" : "A", "score" : 2 }
{ "date" : ISODate("2012-12-05T00:00:00Z"), "grade" : "A", "score" : 13 }
{ "date" : ISODate("2012-05-17T00:00:00Z"), "grade" : "A", "score" : 11 }

Instrucciones anidadas

Puede encadenar Select o SelectMany anidar sentencias y para desenrollar matrices anidadas. Considere una colección que contiene documentos con un nuevo esquema. Estos documentos contienen un restaurants campo, que contiene una matriz de documentos representados por la Restaurant clase. Cada documento dentro de la matriz tiene un grades campo, que contiene una matriz de documentos representados por la Grade clase. El siguiente código es un ejemplo de un solo documento en esta colección:

{
   "_id": { "$oid": ... },
   "restaurants": [
      {
         "_id": { ... } ,
         "address": { ... },
         "name": "Tov Kosher Kitchen",
         "grades": [
            {
               "date" : ISODate("2014-11-24T00:00:00Z"),
               "grade" : "Z",
               "score" : 20.0
            },
            {
               "date" : ISODate("2013-01-17T00:00:00Z"),
               "grade" : "A",
               "score" : 13.0
            }
         ]
         ...
      },
      {
         "_id": { ... } ,
         "address": { ... },
         "name": "Harriet's Kitchen",
         "grades": [
            {
               "date" : ISODate("2014-04-19T00:00:00Z"),
               "grade" : "B",
               "score" : 12.0
            }
          ],
         ...
      },
      ...
   ]
}

Puede anidar sentencias SelectMany dentro de sentencias SelectMany o Select. El siguiente ejemplo anida una sentencia SelectMany dentro de una sentencia Select para recuperar una matriz de cada documento de la colección. Cada matriz contiene todos los objetos de calificación de todos los restaurantes de cada documento.

var query = queryableCollection
    .Select(r => r.Restaurants.SelectMany(r => r.Grades));

// output for first document in collection
[
   { "date" : ISODate("2014-11-24T00:00:00Z"),
      "grade" : "Z",
      "score" : 20.0
   },
   { "date" : ISODate("2013-01-17T00:00:00Z"),
      "grade" : "A",
      "score" : 13.0
   },
   {
      "date" : ISODate("2014-04-19T00:00:00Z"),
      "grade" : "B",
      "score" : 12.0
   },
   ...
],
// output for second document in collection
[
   ...
]

$group

La etapa de agregación $group separa los documentos en grupos según los criterios que usted especifique.

Seleccione la pestaña Method Syntax o Query Syntax para ver cómo generar una etapa $group usando LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .GroupBy(r => r.Cuisine)
    .Select(g => new { Cuisine = g.Key, Count = g.Count() });

var query = from r in queryableCollection
    group r by r.Cuisine into g
    select new {Cuisine = g.Key, Count = g.Count()};

El ejemplo anterior agrupa cada documento por el valor de su campo Cuisine y luego cuenta cuántos documentos tienen cada valor Cuisine. El resultado contiene los siguientes documentos:

// Results Truncated
{ "cuisine" : "Caribbean", "count" : 657 }
{ "cuisine" : "Café/Coffee/Tea", "count" : 1214 }
{ "cuisine" : "Iranian", "count" : 2 }
{ "cuisine" : "Nuts/Confectionary", "count" : 6 }
{ "cuisine" : "Middle Eastern", "count" : 168 }
...

Nota

Orden de resultados

Las consultas anteriores no siempre devuelven resultados en el mismo orden. Al ejecutar este ejemplo, los resultados podrían aparecer en un orden diferente al mostrado anteriormente.

$sort

La etapa de agregación $sort devuelve los resultados de su consulta en el orden que especifique.

Seleccione la pestaña Method Syntax o Query Syntax para ver cómo generar una etapa $sort usando LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .OrderBy(r => r.Name)
    .ThenByDescending(r => r.RestaurantId);

var query = from r in queryableCollection
    orderby r.Name, r.RestaurantId descending
    select r;

El ejemplo anterior devuelve los resultados de la query ordenados alfabéticamente por el campo Name, con una ordenación secundaria descendente en el campo RestaurantId. A continuación se muestra un subconjunto de los documentos contenidos en los resultados devueltos:

// Results Truncated
...
{ "_id" : ObjectId(...), "name" : "Aba Turkish Restaurant", "restaurant_id" : "41548686", "cuisine" : "Turkish", "address" : {...}, "borough" : "Manhattan", "grades" : [...] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId(...), "name" : "Abace Sushi", "restaurant_id" : "50006214", "cuisine" : "Japanese", "address" : { ... }, "borough" : "Manhattan", "grades" : [...] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId(...), "name" : "Abacky Potluck", "restaurant_id" : "50011222", "cuisine" : "Asian", "address" : { ... }, "borough" : "Manhattan", "grades" : [...] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId(...), "name" : "Abaleh", "restaurant_id" : "50009096", "cuisine" : "Mediterranean", "address" : { ... }, "borough" : "Manhattan", "grades" : [...] }
...

$lookup

La etapa de agregación $lookup une documentos de una colección con documentos de otra en la misma base de datos. La etapa $lookup añade un nuevo campo de matriz a cada documento de entrada. Este nuevo campo de matriz contiene los documentos coincidentes de la colección unida.

Considere una segunda colección en la base de datos sample_restaurants llamada reviews que contiene reseñas de restaurantes. Puede unir documentos de esa colección con documentos con el mismo valor name en la colección restaurants mediante la etapa $lookup.

La siguiente clase Review modela los documentos en la colección reviews:

public class Review
{
    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
    [BsonElement("restaurant_name")]
    public string RestaurantName { get; set; }
    public string Reviewer { get; set; }
    [BsonElement("review_text")]
    public string ReviewText { get; set; }
}

Puede especificar una etapa $lookup llamando al método Lookup() o al método GroupJoin(). Las siguientes secciones muestran cómo ejecutar una $lookup con cada método.

Lookup()

El siguiente código especifica una etapa $lookup mediante el método Lookup(). Este ejemplo une documentos de la colección reviews con documentos de la colección restaurants donde el campo RestaurantName de la colección reviews coincide con el campo Name de la colección restaurants:

var lookupResult = restaurantsCollection.AsQueryable()
 .Lookup(reviewCollection,
     restaurant => restaurant.Name,
     review => review.RestaurantName);

El ejemplo anterior devuelve una lista de LookupResult objetos, cada uno de los cuales contiene un documento unido. Para obtener más información sobre la LookupResult clase, consulte la documentación de la API LookupResult.

También puede usar una sobrecarga del método Lookup() para especificar criterios adicionales para la unión. El siguiente ejemplo une documentos de la colección restaurants con documentos de la colección reviews donde el campo RestaurantName de la colección reviews coincide con el campo Name de la colección restaurants y el campo ReviewText de la colección reviews contiene el nombre del restaurante:

var lookupResult = restaurantsCollection.AsQueryable()
   .Lookup(reviewCollection,
      (restaurant, reviews) => reviews
         .Where(review => review.ReviewText.Contains(restaurant.Name)));

Para ver una lista completa de sobrecargas para el Lookup() método, consulte la documentación de la API de búsqueda.

GroupJoin()

Puede especificar una $lookup etapa mediante el método de LINQ.GroupJoin() Para realizar una GroupJoin() búsqueda, debe permitir la consulta de ambas colecciones mediante el AsQueryable() método. Para saber cómo permitir la consulta de una colección, consulte "Convertir una colección en consulta".

Seleccione la pestaña Method Syntax o Query Syntax para ver cómo generar una etapa $lookup usando LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .GroupJoin(reviewCollection,
        restaurant => restaurant.Name,
        review => review.RestaurantName,
        (restaurant, reviews) =>
            new { Restaurant = restaurant, Reviews = reviews }
    );

var query = from restaurant in queryableCollection
    join rv in reviewCollection on restaurant.Name equals rv.RestaurantName into reviews
    select new { restaurant, reviews };

El ejemplo anterior devuelve todos los documentos de la colección restaurants. Cada documento de restaurante tiene un campo adicional llamado reviews, que contiene todas las reseñas de ese restaurante. Una reseña coincide con un restaurante si el valor del campo name del documento de reseña coincide con el campo name del documento del restaurante.

A continuación se muestra un subconjunto de los resultados devueltos:

// Results Truncated
{
   "restaurant": {
      "_id": ObjectId("..."),
      "name": "The Movable Feast",
      "restaurant_id": "40361606",
      "cuisine": "American",
      "address": { ... },
      "borough": "Brooklyn",
      "grades": [ ... ]
   },
   "reviews": [
      {
         "_id": ObjectId("..."),
         "restaurant_name": "The Movable Feast",
         "reviewer": "Lazlo Cravensworth",
         "review_text": "Great restaurant! 12/10 stars!"
      },
      {
         "_id": ObjectId("..."),
         "restaurant_name": "The Movable Feast",
         "reviewer": "Michael Scarn",
         "review_text": "It really was a feast"
      }
   ]
}

$search

La $search etapa de agregación realiza una búsqueda de texto completo en los campos de una colección. Debe definir un índice de búsqueda de MongoDB en el campo antes de poder realizar una $search operación en sus datos.

Para crear el índice de búsqueda de MongoDB que necesita para el siguiente ejemplo, ejecute el siguiente código en la colección restaurants:

var index =  new CreateSearchIndexModel(
  "default", new BsonDocument
   {
     { "mappings", new BsonDocument
      {
        { "dynamic", true }
      }
   }
});
var result = collection.SearchIndexes.CreateOne(index);

Para crear una $search etapa de canalización, utilice el Search() método. El Search() método acepta los objetos SearchDefinition y SearchOptions como parámetros. El SearchDefinition objeto contiene el campo y el valor que se buscarán. Puede utilizar el SearchOptions objeto para configurar la operación de búsqueda.

El siguiente código muestra cómo usar LINQ para crear una etapa de canalización $search que realiza las siguientes operaciones:

Busca documentos donde el campo Name contiene "Deli" utilizando el índice de búsqueda default
Devuelve los campos Name y Cuisine de los documentos de restaurante coincidentes

var searchOptions = new SearchOptions<Restaurant>()
{
   IndexName = "default"
};
var searchDefinition = Builders<Restaurant>.Search
   .Text(x => x.Name, "Deli");
var results = queryableCollection
   .Search(searchDefinition, searchOptions)
   .Select(m => new { m.Name, m.Cuisine });

Los resultados del ejemplo anterior contienen los siguientes documentos:

// Results Truncated
{ "Name" : "Mexico Lindo Y ! Q Rico! Deli", "Cuisine" : "Mexican" }
{ "Name" : "Cold Cut City Bunny Deli 2", "Cuisine" : "American" }
{ "Name" : "Blue Moon Chicken Deli & Pizza Corp", "Cuisine" : "Other" }
{ "Name" : "Little Michaels Deli And Sald Bar", "Cuisine" : "Delicatessen" }
{ "Name" : "La Esperanza Mexican Deli Grocery & Vegetables", "Cuisine" : "Mexican" }
{ "Name" : "El Sol De Mexico Deli Grocery", "Cuisine" : "Mexican" }
{ "Name" : "C & C Deli Coffee Shop & Pastry", "Cuisine" : "Delicatessen" }
{ "Name" : "Jennis Deli And Grill And Grocery", "Cuisine" : "Spanish" }
{ "Name" : "La Nueva Estrella Pizza And Deli Grocery", "Cuisine" : "Spanish" }
{ "Name" : "Blue Cafe/3 In 1 Deli Restaurant", "Cuisine" : "American" }

Para obtener más información sobre MongoDB Search, los índices de MongoDB Search y cómo incorporarlos a su aplicación, consulte Descripción general de MongoDB Search en el manual de Atlas.

$vectorSearch

La $vectorSearch etapa de agregación realiza una búsqueda aproximada del vecino más cercano en un vector del campo especificado. Su colección debe tener definido un índice de búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB para poder realizar una búsqueda vectorial en sus datos.

Tip

Para obtener el conjunto de datos de ejemplo utilizado en el siguiente ejemplo, consulte Introducción al controlador .NET/C#. Para crear el índice de búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB de ejemplo utilizado en el siguiente ejemplo, consulte Crear un índice de búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB en el manual de Atlas.

Para crear una etapa de canalización $vectorSearch, llame al método VectorSearch() en un objeto PipelineStageDefinitionBuilder. El método VectorSearch() acepta los siguientes parámetros:

Parameter	Descripción
`field`	El campo donde realizar la búsqueda vectorial. Tipo de dato: `Expression<Func<TInput, TField>>`
`queryVector`	El vector codificado que se comparará con los valores de la base de datos. Aunque el tipo de dato de este parámetro es `QueryVector`, también se puede pasar una matriz de valores `float`. Tipo de dato: QueryVector
`limit`	El número máximo de documentos a devolver. Tipo de dato: `integer`
`options`	Opciones de configuración para la operación de búsqueda vectorial. Tipo de dato: VectorSearchOptions<TDocument>

Puede usar el parámetro options para configurar su búsqueda vectorial. La clase VectorSearchOptions contiene las siguientes propiedades:

Propiedad	Descripción
`Exact`	Si la búsqueda vectorial utiliza el algoritmo de vecino más cercano exacto (ENN). Si esta propiedad se establece en `false`, la búsqueda vectorial utiliza el algoritmo de vecino más cercano aproximado (ANN). Si esta propiedad se establece en `true`, la propiedad `NumberOfCandidates` debe ser `null`. Data type: `boolean` Default: `false`
`Filter`	Criterios de búsqueda adicionales que deben cumplir los documentos encontrados. Data Type: FilterDefinition<TDocument> Default: `null`
`IndexName`	El índice en el que se realizará la búsqueda vectorial. Data type: `string` Default: `null`
`NumberOfCandidates`	El número de vecinos a buscar en el índice. Data type: `int?` Default: `null`

Considere la colección embedded_movies en la base de datos sample_mflix. La siguiente clase EmbeddedMovie representa un documento en esta base de datos:

[BsonIgnoreExtraElements]
public class EmbeddedMovie
{
    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
    public string Plot { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    [BsonElement("plot_embedding")]
    public float[] PlotEmbedding { get; set; }
}

Puede usar una etapa $vectorSearch para realizar una búsqueda semántica en el campo plot_embedding de los documentos de la colección. El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo usar LINQ para generar una canalización de agregación y realizar las siguientes operaciones:

Realice una búsqueda vectorial en el índice de búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB del campo plot_embedding utilizando incrustaciones vectoriales para la cadena "time travel"
Obtenga los campos Title y Plot de los documentos encontrados en la búsqueda vectorial

// Defines vector embeddings for the string "time travel"
var vector = new[] 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// Specifies that the vector search will consider the 150 nearest neighbors
// in the specified index
var options = new VectorSearchOptions<EmbeddedMovie>()
{
   IndexName = "vector_index",
   NumberOfCandidates = 150
};
// Builds aggregation pipeline and specifies that the $vectorSearch stage
// returns 10 results
var results = queryableCollection
   .VectorSearch(m => m.PlotEmbedding, vector, 10, options)
   .Select(m => new { m.Title, m.Plot });

Los resultados del ejemplo anterior contienen los siguientes documentos:

{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13a0f29313caabd04a4f"), "plot" : "A reporter, learning of time travelers visiting 20th century disasters, tries to change the history they know by averting upcoming disasters.", "title" : "Thrill Seekers" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13d8f29313caabda6557"), "plot" : "At the age of 21, Tim discovers he can travel in time and change what happens and has happened in his own life. His decision to make his world a better place by getting a girlfriend turns out not to be as easy as you might think.", "title" : "About Time" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13a5f29313caabd13b4b"), "plot" : "Hoping to alter the events of the past, a 19th century inventor instead travels 800,000 years into the future, where he finds humankind divided into two warring races.", "title" : "The Time Machine" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13aef29313caabd2e2d7"), "plot" : "After using his mother's newly built time machine, Dolf gets stuck involuntary in the year 1212. He ends up in a children's crusade where he confronts his new friends with modern techniques...", "title" : "Crusade in Jeans" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a1399f29313caabceec0e"), "plot" : "An officer for a security agency that regulates time travel, must fend for his life against a shady politician who has a tie to his past.", "title" : "Timecop" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a1399f29313caabcee36f"), "plot" : "A time-travel experiment in which a robot probe is sent from the year 2073 to the year 1973 goes terribly wrong thrusting one of the project scientists, a man named Nicholas Sinclair into a...", "title" : "A.P.E.X." }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13c6f29313caabd715d3"), "plot" : "Agent J travels in time to M.I.B.'s early days in 1969 to stop an alien from assassinating his friend Agent K and changing history.", "title" : "Men in Black 3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13d4f29313caabd98c13"), "plot" : "Bound by a shared destiny, a teen bursting with scientific curiosity and a former boy-genius inventor embark on a mission to unearth the secrets of a place somewhere in time and space that exists in their collective memory.", "title" : "Tomorrowland" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13b6f29313caabd477fa"), "plot" : "With the help of his uncle, a man travels to the future to try and bring his girlfriend back to life.", "title" : "Love Story 2050" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("573a13e5f29313caabdc40c9"), "plot" : "A dimension-traveling wizard gets stuck in the 21st century because cell-phone radiation interferes with his magic. With his home world on the brink of war, he seeks help from a jaded ...", "title" : "The Portal" }

Para obtener más información sobre MongoDB búsqueda vectorial, los índices de búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB y cómo incorporarlos a tu aplicación, consulta Descripción general de MongoDB búsqueda vectorial en el manual de Atlas. Para más ejemplos sobre cómo ejecutar consultas de MongoDB Vector Search usando el driver .NET/C#, consulta Ejecutar consultas de búsqueda vectorial en el manual de Atlas y selecciona C# del menú desplegable de lenguajes.

Operadores de agregación

Puede utilizar operadores de canalización de agregación en sus etapas de agregación para modificar documentos y realizar cálculos.

Las siguientes secciones describen operadores de agregación que puede implementar mediante métodos LINQ.

Operadores a nivel de bits

Esta sección describe los operadores bit a bit compatibles con el controlador .NET/C# que se pueden usar en una canalización de agregación. Se pueden usar varios operadores bit a bit en la misma etapa. Se aplican las siguientes directrices al usar operadores bit a bit:

Todos los operandos deben ser de tipo int o long.
$bitAnd, $bitOr y $bitXor toman dos o más operandos. $bitNot toma un operando.
Las operaciones bit a bit se evalúan de izquierda a derecha.

Los ejemplos de esta sección utilizan los siguientes documentos en una colección llamada ingredients:

{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "watermelon", "is_available" : 1, "is_cheap" : 1 },
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "onions", "is_available" : 1, "is_cheap" : 0 },
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "eggs", "is_available" : 0, "is_cheap" : 0 },
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "potatoes", "is_available" : 1, "is_cheap" : 1 },
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "pasta", "is_available" : 0, "is_cheap" : 1 },
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "cheese", "is_available" : 1 }

El campo "is_available" indica si un ingrediente está disponible. Si este campo tiene un valor de 0, el ingrediente no está disponible. Si tiene un valor de 1, el ingrediente está disponible.

El campo "is_cheap" indica si un ingrediente es económico. Si este campo tiene un valor de 0, el ingrediente no es económico. Si tiene un valor de 1, el ingrediente es económico.

La siguiente clase Ingredient modela los documentos en la colección ingredients:

public class Ingredient 
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    [BsonElement("is_available")]
    public int? IsAvailable { get; set; }
    [BsonElement("is_cheap")]
    public int? IsCheap { get; set; }
}

Nota

Operandos faltantes o indefinidos

Si los operandos que pasa a cualquier operador bit a bit son de tipo int o,long que aceptan valores nulos, y contienen un valor faltante o indefinido, la expresión completa se evalúa null como. Si los operandos son de tipo int o,long que no aceptan valores nulos, y contienen un valor faltante o indefinido, el controlador .NET/C# generará un error.

$bitAnd

El operador de agregación $bitAnd realiza una operación AND bit a bit con los argumentos dados. Puede usar el operador $bitAnd conectando dos o más cláusulas con un carácter &.

El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo crear una etapa $bitAnd utilizando LINQ. El código recupera el documento en el que el campo Name tiene el valor "watermelon". Luego realiza una operación AND a nivel de bits en los valores de los campos IsAvailable y IsCheap en este documento.

var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(i => i.Name == "watermelon")
    .Select(i => i.IsAvailable & i.IsCheap);

El código anterior devuelve 1, el resultado de la operación AND en los valores del campo IsAvailable (1) y del campo IsCheap (1).

El siguiente ejemplo realiza la misma operación AND bit a bit en todos los documentos de la colección:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Select(i => i.IsAvailable & i.IsCheap);

1
0
0
1
0
null

El resultado null proviene del documento donde el campo Name tiene el valor "cheese". A este documento le falta un campo IsCheap, por lo que la expresión se evalúa como null.

$bitOr

El operador de agregación $bitOr realiza una operación OR bit a bit con los argumentos dados. Puede usar el operador $bitOr conectando dos o más cláusulas con un carácter |.

El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo crear una etapa $bitOr mediante LINQ. El código recupera el documento cuyo campo Name tiene el valor "onions". A continuación, realiza una operación OR bit a bit con los valores de los campos IsAvailable y IsCheap de este documento.

var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(i => i.Name == "onions")
    .Select(i => i.IsAvailable | i.IsCheap);

El código anterior devuelve 1, el resultado de la operación OR sobre los valores del campo IsAvailable (1) y del campo IsCheap (0).

$bitNot

El operador de agregación $bitNot realiza una operación de NOT bit a bit en el argumento dado. Puede utilizar el operador $bitNot precediendo un operando con un carácter ~. $bitNot solo acepta un argumento. El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo crear una etapa $bitNot usando LINQ:

var query = queryableCollection
    .Select(i => ~i.IsCheap);

-2
-1
-1
-2
-2
null

$bitXor

El operador de agregación $bitXor realiza una operación XOR bit a bit sobre los argumentos dados. Puede usar el operador $bitXor conectando dos o más cláusulas con un carácter ^.

El siguiente ejemplo muestra cómo crear una etapa $bitXor mediante LINQ. El código recupera los documentos cuyo campo Name tiene el valor "watermelon" o "onions". A continuación, realiza una operación XOR bit a bit sobre los valores de los campos IsAvailable y IsCheap de estos documentos.

var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(i => i.Name == "watermelon" || i.Name == "onions")
    .Select(i => i.IsAvailable ^ i.IsCheap);

El resultado contiene los siguientes valores:

0
1

$convert

El operador $convert convierte un valor a un tipo específico. Puede usarlo para realizar conversiones de tipo en etapas como $project, $addFields y $set.

En el controlador, puede usar el Mql.Convert() método para convertir un valor de un tipo a otro especificado. Para obtener más información sobre el comportamiento de conversión y las conversiones permitidas, consulte la referencia de $convert en el manual de MongoDB Server.

El método Convert() acepta los siguientes parámetros:

Valor a convertir.
ConvertOptions Instancia que especifica el tipo al que se convertirá y las opciones. Algunas conversiones requieren la especificación de ciertas opciones, pero también se pueden configurar opciones para gestionar errores o valores nulos.

El siguiente código realiza las siguientes acciones mediante el uso de métodos LINQ:

Convierte los valores de cadena RestaurantId en valores int en una proyección Select()
Establece el valor devuelto en -1 si ocurre un error durante la conversión
Establece el valor devuelto en 0 si el valor de entrada es null o falta

var query = queryableCollection
    .Select(r => Mql.Convert(r.RestaurantId, new ConvertOptions<int> { OnError = -1, OnNull = 0 }));

El controlador almacena los valores convertidos bajo el nombre de campo original en los documentos de salida.

Etapas de agregación no compatibles

La implementación del controlador MongoDB .NET/C# de LINQ no admite las siguientes etapas de agregación:

$redact
$geoNear
$out

Para aprender a crear una canalización de agregación con la $out etapa mediante Builders, consulte Etapas de la canalización de agregación.

Métodos admitidos

La siguiente tabla describe algunos métodos compatibles con la implementación de LINQ del controlador MongoDB .NET/C#:

Nombre del método	Descripción
`Any`	Determina si algún documento coincide con los criterios especificados
`Average`	Calcula el promedio de los campos especificados
`Count`	Devuelve un `Int32` que representa la cantidad de documentos que cumplen los criterios especificados.
`LongCount`	Devuelve un `Int64` que representa la cantidad de documentos que cumplen los criterios especificados.
`Convert`	Convierte un valor de un tipo a un tipo especificado diferente
`DateFromString`	Convierte un objeto `string` en un objeto `DateTime`
`Distinct`	Devuelve documentos distintos que coinciden con los criterios especificados
`DistinctMany`	Devuelve documentos distintos de una matriz que coinciden con los criterios especificados
`Exists`	Comprueba si existe un campo
`First`	Devuelve el primer documento coincidente y lanza una excepción si no se encuentra ninguno.
`FirstOrDefault`	Devuelve el primer documento coincidente o `null` si no se encuentra ninguno
`GroupBy`	Agrupa documentos en función de los criterios especificados
`GroupJoin`	Realiza una unión externa izquierda a otra colección en la misma base de datos
`IsMissing`	Devuelve `true` si falta un campo y falso en caso contrario
`IsNullOrMissing`	Devuelve `true` si un campo es nulo o falta y falso en caso contrario
`Max`	Devuelve el documento con el valor máximo especificado
`OfType`	Devuelve documentos que coinciden con el tipo especificado
`OrderBy`, `OrderByDescending`	Devuelve resultados en un orden de clasificación especificado
`ThenBy`, `ThenByDescending`	Permite especificar una clasificación secundaria
`Select`	Selecciona documentos según criterios específicos
`SelectMany`	Proyecta cada elemento de una secuencia y combina las secuencias resultantes en un solo documento
`Single`	Devuelve el único documento coincidente y lanza una excepción si no hay exactamente un documento
`SingleOrDefault`	Devuelve un solo documento coincidente o `null` si no hay documentos coincidentes
`Skip`	Omite un número específico de documentos y devuelve el resto de los resultados.
`SkipWhile` (sólo en `Select` proyecciones)	Omite los elementos del arreglo mientras una condición sea verdadera y devuelve los elementos restantes.
`Sum`	Devuelve la suma de los valores en un campo especificado
`Take`	Especifica el número de resultados a devolver
`TakeWhile` (sólo en `Select` proyecciones)	Devuelve elementos de la matriz mientras una condición sea verdadera y omite los elementos restantes
`Where`	Devuelve todos los documentos que coinciden con los criterios especificados

Ver consultas traducidas

Al ejecutar una consulta LINQ, el controlador .NET/C# la traduce automáticamente a una canalización de agregación escrita con la API de consultas de MongoDB. Puede ver la consulta traducida mediante el método ToString() o la propiedad LoggedStages.

Para ver la consulta traducida de operaciones no escalares, utilice el ToString() método. Las operaciones no escalares son operaciones que devuelven un objeto de consulta, como:

Where
Select
SelectMany
GroupJoin

El siguiente ejemplo llama al método ToString() en una query LINQ e imprime la query traducida:

 var queryableCollection = _restaurantsCollection.AsQueryable();
 var query = queryableCollection
      .Where(r => r.Name == "The Movable Feast");
 var queryTranslated = query.ToString();
 Console.WriteLine(queryTranslated);

sample_restaurants.restaurants.Aggregate([{ "$match" : { "name" : "The Movable Feast" } }])

Para obtener la consulta traducida de operaciones escalares, utilice la LoggedStages propiedad. Las operaciones escalares son operaciones que devuelven un resultado escalar en lugar de un objeto de consulta, como:

First
Sum
Count
Min
Max

Para obtener una consulta traducida con la propiedad LoggedStages, debe guardar la consulta traducida directamente después de ejecutarla y antes de ejecutar cualquier otra consulta con el mismo objeto consultable.

El siguiente ejemplo utiliza la propiedad LoggedStages en una query LINQ que usa una operación escalar, luego imprime la query traducida:

var queryableCollection = _restaurantsCollection.AsQueryable();
var query = queryableCollection
    .Where(r => r.Name == "The Movable Feast");
var result = query.FirstOrDefault();
var queryTranslated = query.LoggedStages;
Console.WriteLine(queryTranslated.ToJson());

[{ "$match" : { "name" : "The Movable Feast" } }, { "$limit" : NumberLong(1) }]

Importante

LoggedStages No es seguro para subprocesos. Ejecutar una consulta y acceder a la propiedad LoggedStages asociada desde varios subprocesos podría tener resultados no deterministas.

Documentación de la API

Para obtener una lista completa de los métodos LINQ compatibles, consulte la siguiente documentación de API:

Volver

Etapas del pipeline

Indexes