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db.createUser()

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  • Definition
  • Compatibility
  • Behavior
  • Required Access
  • Examples
db.createUser(user, writeConcern)

Creates a new user for the database on which the method is run. db.createUser() returns a duplicate user error if the user already exists on the database.

Important

mongosh Method

This page documents a mongosh method. This is not the documentation for database commands or language-specific drivers, such as Node.js.

For the database command, see the createUser command.

For MongoDB API drivers, refer to the language-specific MongoDB driver documentation.

The db.createUser() method has the following syntax:

Field
Type
Description
user
document
The document with authentication and access information about the user to create.
writeConcern
document

Optional. The level of write concern for the operation. See Write Concern Specification.

The user document defines the user and has the following form:

Tip

You can use the passwordPrompt() method in conjunction with various user authentication/management methods/commands to prompt for the password instead of specifying the password directly in the method/command call. However, you can still specify the password directly as you would with earlier versions of the mongo shell.

{
user: "<name>",
pwd: passwordPrompt(), // Or "<cleartext password>"
customData: { <any information> },
roles: [
{ role: "<role>", db: "<database>" } | "<role>",
...
],
authenticationRestrictions: [
{
clientSource: ["<IP>" | "<CIDR range>", ...],
serverAddress: ["<IP>" | "<CIDR range>", ...]
},
...
],
mechanisms: [ "<SCRAM-SHA-1|SCRAM-SHA-256>", ... ],
passwordDigestor: "<server|client>"
}

The user document has the following fields:

Field
Type
Description
user
string
The name of the new user.
pwd
string

The user's password. The pwd field is not required if you run db.createUser() on the $external database to create users who have credentials stored externally to MongoDB.

The value can be either:

  • the user's password in cleartext string, or

  • passwordPrompt() to prompt for the user's password.

Tip

You can use the passwordPrompt() method in conjunction with various user authentication/management methods/commands to prompt for the password instead of specifying the password directly in the method/command call. However, you can still specify the password directly as you would with earlier versions of the mongo shell.

customData
document
Optional. Any arbitrary information. This field can be used to store any data an admin wishes to associate with this particular user. For example, this could be the user's full name or employee id.
roles
array
The roles granted to the user. Can specify an empty array [] to create users without roles.
array

Optional. The authentication restrictions the server enforces on the created user. Specifies a list of IP addresses and CIDR ranges from which the user is allowed to connect to the server or from which the server can accept users.

mechanisms
array

Optional. Specify the specific SCRAM mechanism or mechanisms for creating SCRAM user credentials. If authenticationMechanisms is specified, you can only specify a subset of the authenticationMechanisms.

Valid values are:

  • "SCRAM-SHA-1"

    • Uses the SHA-1 hashing function.

  • "SCRAM-SHA-256"

    • Uses the SHA-256 hashing function.

    • Requires passwordDigestor to be server.

The default is both SCRAM-SHA-1 and SCRAM-SHA-256.

passwordDigestor
string

Optional. Indicates whether the server or the client digests the password.

Available values are:

  • "server" (Default)
    The server receives undigested password from the client and digests the password.
  • "client" (Not compatible with SCRAM-SHA-256)
    The client digests the password and passes the digested password to the server.

This method is available in deployments hosted in the following environments:

  • MongoDB Atlas: The fully managed service for MongoDB deployments in the cloud

Important

This command is not supported in M0, M2, M5, and M10+ clusters. For more information, see Unsupported Commands.

In the roles field, you can specify both built-in roles and user-defined roles.

To specify a role that exists in the same database where db.createUser() runs, you can either specify the role with the name of the role:

"readWrite"

Or you can specify the role with a document, as in:

{ role: "<role>", db: "<database>" }

To specify a role that exists in a different database, specify the role with a document.

The authenticationRestrictions document can contain only the following fields. The server throws an error if the authenticationRestrictions document contains an unrecognized field:

Field Name
Value
Description
clientSource
Array of IP addresses and/or CIDR ranges
If present, when authenticating a user, the server verifies that the client's IP address is either in the given list or belongs to a CIDR range in the list. If the client's IP address is not present, the server does not authenticate the user.
serverAddress
Array of IP addresses and/or CIDR ranges
A list of IP addresses or CIDR ranges to which the client can connect. If present, the server will verify that the client's connection was accepted via an IP address in the given list. If the connection was accepted via an unrecognized IP address, the server does not authenticate the user.

Important

If a user inherits multiple roles with incompatible authentication restrictions, that user becomes unusable.

For example, if a user inherits one role in which the clientSource field is ["198.51.100.0"] and another role in which the clientSource field is ["203.0.113.0"] the server is unable to authenticate the user.

For more information on authentication in MongoDB, see Authentication on Self-Managed Deployments.

The db.createUser() method wraps the createUser command.

MongoDB automatically assigns a unique userId to the user upon creation.

If run on a replica set, db.createUser() is executed using "majority" write concern by default.

Warning

By default, db.createUser() sends all specified data to the MongoDB instance in cleartext, even if using passwordPrompt(). Use TLS transport encryption to protect communications between clients and the server, including the password sent by db.createUser(). For instructions on enabling TLS transport encryption, see Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL.

MongoDB does not store the password in cleartext. The password is only vulnerable in transit between the client and the server, and only if TLS transport encryption is not enabled.

Users created on the $external database should have credentials stored externally to MongoDB, as, for example, with MongoDB Enterprise installations that use Kerberos.

To use Client Sessions and Causal Consistency Guarantees with $external authentication users (Kerberos, LDAP, or x.509 users), usernames cannot be greater than 10k bytes.

You cannot create users on the local database.

The userAdmin and userAdminAnyDatabase built-in roles provide createUser and grantRole actions on their respective resources.

The following db.createUser() operation creates the accountAdmin01 user on the products database.

Tip

You can use the passwordPrompt() method in conjunction with various user authentication/management methods/commands to prompt for the password instead of specifying the password directly in the method/command call. However, you can still specify the password directly as you would with earlier versions of the mongo shell.

use products
db.createUser( { user: "accountAdmin01",
pwd: passwordPrompt(), // Or "<cleartext password>"
customData: { employeeId: 12345 },
roles: [ { role: "clusterAdmin", db: "admin" },
{ role: "readAnyDatabase", db: "admin" },
"readWrite"] },
{ w: "majority" , wtimeout: 5000 } )

The operation gives accountAdmin01 the following roles:

  • the clusterAdmin and readAnyDatabase roles on the admin database

  • the readWrite role on the products database

The following operation creates accountUser in the products database and gives the user the readWrite and dbAdmin roles.

Tip

You can use the passwordPrompt() method in conjunction with various user authentication/management methods/commands to prompt for the password instead of specifying the password directly in the method/command call. However, you can still specify the password directly as you would with earlier versions of the mongo shell.

use products
db.createUser(
{
user: "accountUser",
pwd: passwordPrompt(), // Or "<cleartext password>"
roles: [ "readWrite", "dbAdmin" ]
}
)

The following operation creates a user named reportsUser in the admin database but does not yet assign roles:

Tip

You can use the passwordPrompt() method in conjunction with various user authentication/management methods/commands to prompt for the password instead of specifying the password directly in the method/command call. However, you can still specify the password directly as you would with earlier versions of the mongo shell.

use admin
db.createUser(
{
user: "reportsUser",
pwd: passwordPrompt(), // Or "<cleartext password>"
roles: [ ]
}
)

The following operation creates a user named appAdmin in the admin database and gives the user readWrite access to the config database, which lets the user change certain settings for sharded clusters, such as to the balancer setting.

Tip

You can use the passwordPrompt() method in conjunction with various user authentication/management methods/commands to prompt for the password instead of specifying the password directly in the method/command call. However, you can still specify the password directly as you would with earlier versions of the mongo shell.

use admin
db.createUser(
{
user: "appAdmin",
pwd: passwordPrompt(), // Or "<cleartext password>"
roles:
[
{ role: "readWrite", db: "config" },
"clusterAdmin"
]
}
)

The following operation creates a user named restricted in the admin database. This user may only authenticate if connecting from IP address 192.0.2.0 to IP address 198.51.100.0.

Tip

You can use the passwordPrompt() method in conjunction with various user authentication/management methods/commands to prompt for the password instead of specifying the password directly in the method/command call. However, you can still specify the password directly as you would with earlier versions of the mongo shell.

use admin
db.createUser(
{
user: "restricted",
pwd: passwordPrompt(), // Or "<cleartext password>"
roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "reporting" } ],
authenticationRestrictions: [ {
clientSource: ["192.0.2.0"],
serverAddress: ["198.51.100.0"]
} ]
}
)

Note

To use SCRAM-SHA-256, the featureCompatibilityVersion must be set to 4.0. For more information on featureCompatibilityVersion, see Get FeatureCompatibilityVersion and setFeatureCompatibilityVersion.

The following operation creates a user with only SCRAM-SHA-256 credentials.

Tip

You can use the passwordPrompt() method in conjunction with various user authentication/management methods/commands to prompt for the password instead of specifying the password directly in the method/command call. However, you can still specify the password directly as you would with earlier versions of the mongo shell.

use reporting
db.createUser(
{
user: "reportUser256",
pwd: passwordPrompt(), // Or "<cleartext password>"
roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "reporting" } ],
mechanisms: [ "SCRAM-SHA-256" ]
}
)

If the authenticationMechanisms parameter is set, the mechanisms field can only include values specified in the authenticationMechanisms parameter.

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