增删改查操作

Overview

本页包含的代码示例展示了如何使用各种设置将 Python 应用程序连接到 MongoDB。

提示

要了解有关此页面上的连接选项的更多信息，请参阅每个部分中提供的链接。

要使用此页面中的连接示例，请将代码示例复制到示例应用程序或您自己的应用程序中。请务必将代码示例中的所有占位符（例如<hostname> ）替换为 MongoDB 部署的相关值。

示例应用程序

您可以使用以下示例应用程序来测试本页上的代码示例。要使用示例应用程序，请执行以下步骤：

确保已安装 PyMongo。
复制以下代码并将其粘贴到新的.py文件中。
从此页面复制代码示例，并将其粘贴到文件中的指定行。

选择 Synchronous 或 Asynchronous标签页，查看相应的代码：

1import pymongo2from pymongo import MongoClient3
4try:5    uri = "<connection string URI>"6    client = MongoClient(uri)7
8    database = client["<database name>"]9    collection = database["<collection name>"]10
11    # start example code here12
13    # end example code here14
15    client.close()16
17except Exception as e:18    raise Exception(19        "The following error occurred: ", e)

1import asyncio2import pymongo3from pymongo import AsyncMongoClient4
5async def main():6    try:7        uri = "<connection string URI>"8        client = AsyncMongoClient(uri)9
10        database = client["<database name>"]11        collection = database["<collection name>"]12
13        # start example code here14
15        # end example code here16
17        await client.close()18
19    except Exception as e:20        raise Exception(21            "The following error occurred: ", e)22
23asyncio.run(main())

insertOne

result = collection.insert_one({ "<field name>" : "<value>" })
print(result.acknowledged)

result = await collection.insert_one({ "<field name>" : "<value>" })
print(result.acknowledged)

要了解有关insert_one()方法的更多信息，请参阅“插入文档”指南。

插入多个

document_list = [   { "<field name>" : "<value>" },   { "<field name>" : "<value>" }]
result = collection.insert_many(document_list)
print(result.acknowledged)

document_list = [   { "<field name>" : "<value>" },   { "<field name>" : "<value>" }]
result = await collection.insert_many(document_list)
print(result.acknowledged)

要了解有关insert_many()方法的更多信息，请参阅“插入文档”指南。

updateOne

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }update_operation = { "$set" :     { "<field name>" : "<value>" }}result = collection.update_one(query_filter, update_operation)
print(result.modified_count)

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }update_operation = { "$set" :     { "<field name>" : "<value>" }}result = await collection.update_one(query_filter, update_operation)
print(result.modified_count)

要了解有关update_one()方法的更多信息，请参阅更新文档指南。

更新多个

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }update_operation = { "$set" :     { "<field name>" : "<value>" }}result = collection.update_many(query_filter, update_operation)
print(result.modified_count)

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }update_operation = { "$set" :     { "<field name>" : "<value>" }}result = await collection.update_many(query_filter, update_operation)
print(result.modified_count)

要了解有关update_many()方法的更多信息，请参阅更新文档指南。

replaceOne

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }replace_document = { "<new document field name>" : "<new document value>" }
result = collection.replace_one(query_filter, replace_document)
print(result.modified_count)

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }replace_document = { "<new document field name>" : "<new document value>" }
result = await collection.replace_one(query_filter, replace_document)
print(result.modified_count)

要了解有关replace_one()方法的更多信息，请参阅替换文档指南。

deleteOne

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }
result = collection.delete_one(query_filter)
print(result.deleted_count)

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }
result = await collection.delete_one(query_filter)
print(result.deleted_count)

要了解有关delete_one()方法的更多信息，请参阅“删除文档”指南。

删除多个

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }
result = collection.delete_many(query_filter)
print(result.deleted_count)

query_filter = { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }
result = await collection.delete_many(query_filter)
print(result.deleted_count)

要了解有关delete_many()方法的更多信息，请参阅“删除文档”指南。

批量写入

operations = [    pymongo.InsertOne(        {            "<field name>" : "<value>"        }    ),    pymongo.UpdateMany(        { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" },        { "$set" : { "<field name>" : "<value>" }},    ),    pymongo.DeleteOne(        { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }    ),]
result = collection.bulk_write(operations)
print(result)

operations = [    pymongo.InsertOne(        {            "<field name>" : "<value>"        }    ),    pymongo.UpdateMany(        { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" },        { "$set" : { "<field name>" : "<value>" }},    ),    pymongo.DeleteOne(        { "<field to match>" : "<value to match>" }    ),]
result = await collection.bulk_write(operations)
print(result)

要了解有关bulk_write()方法的更多信息，请参阅批量写入指南。

查找一个

results = collection.find_one({ "<field name>" : "<value>" })
print(results)

results = await collection.find_one({ "<field name>" : "<value>" })
print(results)

要了解有关find_one()方法的更多信息，请参阅“检索数据”指南中的“查找一个文档”。

查找多个

results = collection.find({ "<field name>" : "<value>" })
for document in results:    print(document)

results = collection.find({ "<field name>" : "<value>" })
async for document in results:    print(document)

要了解有关find()方法的更多信息，请参阅检索数据指南中的查找多个文档。

对集合中的文档进行计数

count = collection.count_documents({})
print(count)

count = await collection.count_documents({})
print(count)

要了解有关count_documents()方法的更多信息，请参阅《检索准确计数》指南。

对查询返回的文档进行计数

count = collection.count_documents({ "<field name>": "<value>" })
print(count)

count = await collection.count_documents({ "<field name>": "<value>" })
print(count)

要了解有关count_documents()方法的更多信息，请参阅《检索准确计数》指南。

估计文档计数

count = collection.estimated_document_count()
print(count)

count = await collection.estimated_document_count()
print(count)

要了解有关estimated_document_count()方法的更多信息，请参阅“检索估计计数”指南。

Retrieve Distinct Values

results = collection.distinct("<field name>")
for document in results:    print(document)

results = await collection.distinct("<field name>")
for document in results:    print(document)

要了解有关distinct()方法的更多信息，请参阅“检索不同字段值”指南。