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Ejecuta una query de búsqueda vectorial en MongoDB

Overview

En esta guía, puede aprender a utilizar la función de búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB en el controlador Node.js.

Puede usar MongoDB Vector Search para realizar una búsqueda vectorial en sus datos almacenados en MongoDB. La búsqueda vectorial le permite consultar sus datos basándose en el significado semántico, en lugar de solo en coincidencias de palabras clave, lo que le ayuda a obtener resultados de búsqueda más relevantes. Permite que sus aplicaciones basadas en IA admitan casos de uso como la búsqueda semántica, la búsqueda híbrida y la búsqueda generativa, incluyendo la Generación Aumentada por Recuperación (RAG).

Para obtener más información sobre MongoDB Vector Search, consulte Guías debúsqueda vectorial de MongoDB en la documentación de MongoDB Atlas.

Importante

Compatibilidad de características

Para saber qué versiones de MongoDB Atlas admiten esta función, consulte Limitaciones en la documentación de MongoDB Atlas.

Realiza una búsqueda vectorial

Para usar esta función, debe crear un índice de búsqueda vectorial e indexar sus incrustaciones vectoriales. Para obtener información sobre cómo crear un índice de búsqueda vectorial mediante programación, consulte Sección "Búsqueda de MongoDB" e "Índices de Búsqueda Vectorial de MongoDB" en la guía de Índices. Para obtener más información sobre las incrustaciones vectoriales, consulte "Cómo crear incrustaciones vectoriales" en la documentación de Atlas.

Después de crear un índice de búsqueda vectorial en sus incrustaciones vectoriales, puede hacer referencia a este índice en su etapa de canalización, como se muestra en el siguiente ejemplo.

Datos de muestra

El ejemplo de esta página muestra cómo crear una canalización de agregación que utiliza el $vectorSearch Etapa para realizar una búsqueda vectorial sample_mflix.embedded_movies en la colección en los conjuntos de datos de muestra del Atlas.

Para aprender cómo crear un clúster gratuito de MongoDB Atlas y cargar los conjuntos de datos de muestra, consulte la guía de introducción a MongoDB.

Ejemplo de búsqueda de vectores

Puede realizar una consulta de búsqueda vectorial mediante la $vectorSearch etapa en una canalización de agregación. Para realizar una búsqueda vectorial en una colección, primero debe tener una colección con un campo que contenga incrustaciones vectoriales y un índice de búsqueda vectorial que cubra dicho campo.

En el siguiente ejemplo, la canalización de agregación busca en el campo plot de cada documento de la colección texto relacionado semánticamente con el término "viaje en el tiempo". El campo queryVector de la canalización $vectorSearch es la representación vectorial de la consulta.

const { MongoClient } = require("mongodb");
// Replace with the connection string to your Atlas cluster to connect
const uri = "<connection-string>";
const client = new MongoClient(uri);
async function run() {
    try {
        await client.connect();
        // Sets the namespace
        const database = client.db("sample_mflix");
        const coll = database.collection("embedded_movies");
        // Defines the pipeline
        const agg = [
            {
              '$vectorSearch': {
                'index': 'vector_index',
                'path': 'plot_embedding',
                'queryVector': Binary.fromFloat32Array(Float32Array.from([
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0.042732596, -0.011649498, -0.011982721, -0.016967745, -0.0060913274, -0.007130985, -0.013109017, -0.009710136
                ])),
                'numCandidates': 150,
                'limit': 10
              }
            }, {
              '$project': {
                '_id': 0,
                'plot': 1,
                'title': 1,
                'score': {
                  '$meta': 'vectorSearchScore'
                }
              }
            }
          ];
        // Runs pipeline
        const result = coll.aggregate(agg);
        // Prints results
        for await (const doc of result) {
            console.log(doc);
        }
    }   finally {
            await client.close();
    }
}
run().catch(console.dir);
{
   plot: 'A reporter, learning of time travelers visiting 20th century disasters, tries to change the history they know by averting upcoming disasters.',
   title: 'Thrill Seekers',
   score: 0.9259490966796875
}
{
   plot: 'At the age of 21, Tim discovers he can travel in time and change what happens and has happened in his own life. His decision to make his world a better place by getting a girlfriend turns out not to be as easy as you might think.',
   title: 'About Time',
   score: 0.9253997802734375
}
{
   plot: 'An officer for a security agency that regulates time travel, must fend for his life against a shady politician who has a tie to his past.',
   title: 'Timecop',
   score: 0.922332763671875
}
{
   plot: "After using his mother's newly built time machine, Dolf gets stuck
   involuntary in the year 1212. He ends up in a children's crusade where he confronts
   his new friends with modern techniques...",
   title: 'Crusade in Jeans',
   score: 0.92205810546875
}
{
   plot: 'Hoping to alter the events of the past, a 19th century inventor instead travels 800,000 years into the future, where he finds humankind divided into two warring races.',
   title: 'The Time Machine',
   score: 0.921875
}
{
   plot: 'A time-travel experiment in which a robot probe is sent from the year 2073 to the year 1973 goes terribly wrong thrusting one of the project scientists, a man named Nicholas Sinclair into a...',
   title: 'A.P.E.X.',
   score: 0.9202728271484375
}
{
   plot: "Agent J travels in time to M.I.B.'s early days in 1969 to stop an alien from assassinating his friend Agent K and changing history.",
   title: 'Men in Black 3',
   score: 0.9198150634765625
}
{
   plot: 'Bound by a shared destiny, a teen bursting with scientific curiosity and a former boy-genius inventor embark on a mission to unearth the secrets of a place somewhere in time and space that exists in their collective memory.',
   title: 'Tomorrowland',
   score: 0.91961669921875
}
{
   plot: 'A romantic drama about a Chicago librarian with a gene that causes him to involuntarily time travel, and the complications it creates for his marriage.',
   title: "The Time Traveler's Wife",
   score: 0.9174346923828125
}
{
   plot: 'With the help of his uncle, a man travels to the future to try and bring his girlfriend back to life.',
   title: 'Love Story 2050',
   score: 0.9165191650390625
}

Este query utiliza la etapa $vectorSearch para:

  • Realizar una búsqueda vectorial de vecino más cercano aproximado (ANN)

  • Busque el término especificado en el campo plot_embedding

  • Establezca el número de vecinos más cercanos utilizados en la búsqueda en 150 utilizando la opción numCandidates

  • Devolver un máximo de 10 documentos de la consulta utilizando la opción limit

Utiliza la etapa $project para:

  • Incluya únicamente los campos de película plot y title en los resultados

  • Agregue un campo score para mostrar la relevancia de cada resultado para el término de búsqueda

Información Adicional

Para ver más tutoriales de búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB para el controlador Node.js, consulte los tutoriales de búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB en la documentación de Atlas.

Para obtener más información sobre la sintaxis de la $vectorSearch etapa de canalización, consulte las secciones Sintaxis y Campos de la guía Crear y ejecutar consultas en la sección Búsqueda vectorial de MongoDB de la documentación de Atlas.

Documentación de la API

Para obtener más información sobre el aggregate() método, consulte added() en la documentación de la API.

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MongoDB búsqueda

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