Unlocking Operational Intelligence from the Data Lake: Part 2 - Operationalizing the Data Lake
As we discussed in
part 1
, Hadoop-based data lakes excel at generating new forms of insight from diverse data sets, but are not designed to provide real-time access to operational applications.
Users need to make analytic outputs from Hadoop available to their online, operational apps. These applications have specific access demands that cannot be met by HDFS, including:
Millisecond latency query responsiveness.
Random access to indexed subsets of data.
Supporting expressive ad-hoc queries and aggregations against the data, making online applications smarter and contextual.
Updating fast-changing data in real time as users interact with online applications, without having to rewrite the entire data set.
Bringing together operational and analytical processing across high volumes of variably structured data in a single database requires capabilities unique to MongoDB:
Workload isolation.
MongoDB replica sets can be provisioned with dedicated analytic nodes. This allows users to simultaneously run real-time analytics and reporting queries against live data, without impacting nodes servicing the operational application, and avoiding lengthy ETL cycles.
Dynamic schema, coupled with data governance.
MongoDB's document data model makes it easy for users to store and combine data of any structure, without giving up sophisticated validation rules, data access and rich indexing functionality. If new attributes need to be added – for example enriching user profiles with geo-location data – the schema can be modified without application downtime, and without having to update all existing records.
Expressive queries.
The MongoDB query language enables developers to build applications that can query and analyze the data in multiple ways – by single keys, ranges, text search, and geospatial queries through to complex aggregations and MapReduce jobs, returning responses in milliseconds. Complex queries are executed natively in the database without having to use additional analytics frameworks or tools, and avoiding the latency that comes from moving data between operational and analytical engines.
Rich secondary indexes.
Providing fast filtering and access to data by any attribute, MongoDB supports compound, unique, array, partial, TTL, geospatial, sparse, and text indexes to optimize for multiple query patterns, data types and application requirements. Indexes are essential when operating across slices of the data, for example updating the churn analysis of a subset of high net worth customers, without having to scan all customer data.
BI & analytics integration.
The
MongoDB Connector for BI
enables industry leading analytical and visualization tools such as Tableau to efficiently access data stored in MongoDB using standard SQL.
Robust security controls.
Extensive access controls, auditing for forensic analysis and encryption of data both in-flight and at-rest enables MongoDB to protect valuable information and meet the demands of big data workloads in regulated industries.
Scale-out on commodity hardware.
MongoDB can be scaled within and across geographically distributed data centers, providing extreme levels of availability and scalability. As your data lake grows, MongoDB scales easily with no downtime and no application changes.
Advanced management and cloud platform.
To reduce data lake TCO and risk of application downtime,
MongoDB Ops Manager
provides powerful tooling to automate database deployment, scaling, monitoring and alerting, and disaster recovery. Further simplifying operations,
MongoDB Atlas
delivers MongoDB as a service, providing all of the features of the database, without the operational heavy lifting required for any application. MongoDB Atlas is a great choice if you want the database run for you, or if your data lake and apps are also running on a public cloud platform. MongoDB Atlas is available on-demand through a pay-as-you-go model and billed on an hourly basis.
High skills availability.
With availability of Hadoop skills cited by Gartner analysts as a top challenge, it is essential you choose an operational database with a large available talent pool. This enables you to find staff who can rapidly build differentiated big data applications. Across multiple measures, including
DB Engines Rankings
, The
451 Group NoSQL Skills Index
and the
Gartner Magic Quadrant for Operational Databases
, MongoDB is the leading non-relational database.
In addition, the ability to apply the same distributed processing frameworks such as Apache Spark, MapReduce and Hive to data stored in both HDFS and MongoDB allows developers to converge analytics of both real time, rapidly changing data sets with the models created by batch Hadoop jobs. Through sophisticated connectors, Spark and Hadoop can pass queries as filters and take advantage of MongoDB’s rich secondary indexes to extract and process only the range of data it needs – for example, retrieving all customers located in a specific geography. This is very different from less featured datastores that do not support a rich query language or secondary indexes. In these cases, Spark and Hadoop jobs are limited to extracting all data based on a simple primary key, even if only a subset of that data is required for the query. This means more data movement between the data lake and the database, more processing overhead, more hardware, and longer time-to-insight for the user.
Table 1:
How MongoDB stacks up for operational intelligence
As demonstrated in Table 1, operational intelligence requires a fully-featured database serving as a System of Record for online applications. These requirements exceed the capabilities of simple key-value or column-oriented datastores that are typically used for short lived, transient data, or legacy relational databases structured around rigid row and column table formats and scale-up architectures.
Figure 1:
Design pattern for operationalizing the data lake
Figure 1 presents a design pattern for integrating MongoDB with a data lake:
Data streams are ingested to a pub/sub message queue, which routes all raw data into HDFS. Processed events that drive real-time actions, such as personalizing an offer to a user browsing a product page, or alarms for vehicle telemetry, are routed to MongoDB for immediate consumption by operational applications.
Distributed processing frameworks such as Spark or MapReduce jobs materialize batch views from the raw data stored in the Hadoop data lake.
MongoDB exposes these models to the operational processes, serving queries and updates against them with real-time responsiveness.
The distributed processing frameworks can re-compute analytics models, against data stored in either HDFS or MongoDB, continuously flowing updates from the operational database to analytics views.
In part 3, we’ll demonstrate how leading companies are using the design pattern discussed above to operationalize their data lakes.
Learn more by reading the Operational Data Lake white paper.
Unlocking Operational Intelligence from the Data Lake
About the Author - Mat Keep
Mat is director of product and market analysis at MongoDB. He is responsible for building the vision, positioning and content for MongoDB’s products and services, including the analysis of market trends and customer requirements. Prior to MongoDB, Mat was director of product management at Oracle Corp. with responsibility for the MySQL database in web, telecoms, cloud and big data workloads. This followed a series of sales, business development and analyst / programmer positions with both technology vendors and end-user companies.
May 23, 2016