Suddenly not connecting (EREFUSED) anymore to DB from app

I have a NodeJS app (running on NodeJS 22.15.0) that I have been working on for months, which connects to a MongoDB database on a default cluster (I’m using the Free plan).
Network Access to the cluster the DB is on is all open (0.0.0.0), as it’s always been. Nothing has changed regarding the db configuration in the app since last time I connected (last Friday)

Suddenly, today, the connection that so far has succeeded for hundreds of times, is refused with a generic
querySrv EREFUSED _mongodb._tcp.<address of the cluster>
and what’s more odd is that it actually succeeds if I go through a VPN I use for mostly personal stuff, one that I have never used to run this app before.
Adding to the weirdness, connection via Compass (1.46.8) to the same DB still works (even without VPN), Atlas tells me that everything is operational, and the connection string is the same I’ve always been using in the app - so the connection string works in Compass and is what Atlas tells me, but in the app it’s not working anymore (it worked last Friday!).

The app uses MongoDB driver for NodeJS, version 6.16.

Any hints?