If we diagnosed the problem correctly, what you did there should fix it.
It did not fix it! 
Let me make sure once again that I understand what is happening:
- Compass → Atlas No VPN … TLS is enabled, TLS works
- Compass → Atlas Yes VPN … TLS is enabled TLS does not work, even with tlsCAFile assigned.
IF I have stated this correctly THEN I suggest one more test, if you can do it:
- Try a connection on your VPN using real Linux or MocOS instead of WVD.
- If this works, the problem is WVD
- If this does not work, the problem is the VPN itself