A driver will try for 30 seconds to connect to the server using the Server Selection Algorithm. From your description, it seems that the driver cannot find a suitable server to connect to, for some reason.
The specific reason is printed in the error message: ReplicaSetNoPrimary. Meaning that the driver cannot seem to find/connect to the primary node. However, there could be many different situation that lead to this error.
From the tlsCAFile option you provided to the driver, I’m guessing that this is not an Atlas deployment which requires SSL to connect. For this experiment, have you tried connecting to the server without using SSL to ensure that the driver can reach the server? Have you tried connecting to the server using the mongo shell?
If you can connect without SSL but cannot with SSL, what is the relevant error message printed by the node driver and the mongod process? Typically the error message points to the exact problem.
Is there a way to see the connection attempt from within Mongo shell?
Unfortunately no. This would have to be seen from the mongod logs.
Note that there seems to be an ongoing infrastructure issue with IBM Cloud, as there was a report of intermittent failures in NODE-2513. You might want to follow up with them as well if your experiments prove unsuccessful.