$and

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$and: $and performs a logical AND operation on an array of one or more expressions (<expression1>, <expression2>, and so on) and selects the documents that satisfy all the expressions.
Note
MongoDB provides an implicit AND operation when specifying a comma separated list of expressions.

Compatibility

You can use $and for deployments hosted in the following environments:

MongoDB Atlas: The fully managed service for MongoDB deployments in the cloud

MongoDB Enterprise: The subscription-based, self-managed version of MongoDB
MongoDB Community: The source-available, free-to-use, and self-managed version of MongoDB

Syntax

The $and has the following syntax:

{ $and: [ { <expression1> }, { <expression2> } , ... , { <expressionN> } ] }

Behavior

To allow the query engine to optimize queries, $and handles errors as follows:

If any expression supplied to $and would cause an error when evaluated alone, the $and containing the expression may cause an error but an error is not guaranteed.
An expression supplied after the first expression supplied to $and may cause an error even if the first expression evaluates to false.

For example, the following query always produces an error if $x is 0:

db.example.find( {
   $expr: { $eq: [ { $divide: [ 1, "$x" ] }, 3 ] }
} )

The following query, which contains multiple expressions supplied to $and, may produce an error if there is any document where $x is 0:

db.example.find( {
   $and: [
      { x: { $ne: 0 } },
      { $expr: { $eq: [ { $divide: [ 1, "$x" ] }, 3 ] } }
   ]
} )

Examples

`AND` Queries With Multiple Expressions Specifying the Same Field

Consider this query:

db.inventory.find( { $and: [ { price: { $ne: 1.99 } }, { price: { $exists: true } } ] } )

The query selects all documents in the inventory collection where:

the price field value is not equal to 1.99 and
the price field exists.

The query can be rewritten with an implicit AND operation that combines the operator expressions for the price field:

db.inventory.find( { price: { $ne: 1.99, $exists: true } } )

`AND` Queries With Multiple Expressions Specifying the Same Operator

Consider this query:

db.inventory.find( {
    $and: [
        { $or: [ { qty: { $lt : 10 } }, { qty : { $gt: 50 } } ] },
        { $or: [ { sale: true }, { price : { $lt : 5 } } ] }
    ]
} )

The query selects all documents where:

the qty field value is less than 10 or greater than 50, and
the sale field value is equal to true or the price field value is less than 5.

The query cannot use an implicit AND operation because it uses the $or operator more than once.

Tip

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Logical Query Operators

$not

Note