Which is the Mongo-way of storing filters related to documents?

None of the following is JSON

Data is duplicated (but the first one is JSON at least)

and

Misconceptions about indexes:

Because ordering of fields in strict equality queries is not important; {city:paris,device:web} is the same query as {device:web,city:paris} and the query planner, as explained in the course, will reorder to leverage the same appropriate index. And nothing stops you from ordering your queried field in a consistent order in your back end before sending to the server.